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Binding of brilliant red compound to lysozyme: insights into the enzyme toxicity of water-soluble aromatic chemicals

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Abstract

The non-covalent interaction of brilliant red (BR) with lysozyme was investigated by the UV spectrometry, circular dichroism (CD) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The thermodynamic characterization of the interaction was performed and the assembly complexes were formed: lysozyme(BR)17 at pH 2.03, lysozyme(BR)15 at pH 3.25 and lysozyme(BR)12 at pH 4.35, which corresponded to the physiological acidities. The ionic interaction induces a combination of multiple non-covalent bonds including hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals force. The two-step binding model of BR was found, in which one or two BR molecules entered the hydrophobic intracavity of lysozyme and the others bound to the hydrophilic outer surface of lysozyme. Moreover, BR binding resulted in change of the lysozyme conformation and inhibition of the lysozyme activity. The possible binding site and type of BR and the conformational transition of lysozyme were speculated and illustrated. This work provided a useful approach for study on enzyme toxicity of aromatic azo chemicals.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Zhao-Feng Luo of USTC for his help with ITC measurement and Dr. Xue-Ling Ao of Microcal Co. for their assistance in use of the computer programs and data analysis. We also thank the Shanghai Fundamental Research Project (Grant No. 04JC14072) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20477030) for financially supporting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China

    Fang-Fang Chen & Hong-Wen Gao

  2. Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China

    Yi-Nan Tang

  3. School of Life Science, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China

    Shi-Long Wang

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  1. Fang-Fang Chen
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  2. Yi-Nan Tang
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Correspondence to Hong-Wen Gao.

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Chen, FF., Tang, YN., Wang, SL. et al. Binding of brilliant red compound to lysozyme: insights into the enzyme toxicity of water-soluble aromatic chemicals. Amino Acids 36, 399–407 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0069-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0069-y

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