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Non-covalent binding of azo compound to peptide chain: interactions of biebrich scarlet and naphthochrome green with four model proteins

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Abstract

We studied the non-specific interactions of two azo compounds: biebrich scarlet (BS) and naphthochrome green (NG), with four model proteins: bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, poly-l-lysine and hemoglobin by UV-VIS spectrometry, fluorophotometry and circular dichroism melting technique. The optimal acidities of NG and BS for binding to proteins correspond to the physiological pHs of skin and gastro tissues. The saturation binding numbers of BS and NG on peptide chains were determined and the effects of electrolytes and temperature were investigated. These interactions were fitted by the Temkin absorption model and their thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The different bindings of BS and NG to proteins were compared from their molecular structures. We inferred that an ion-pair electrostatic interaction first fixes azo compounds to basic amino acid residues and subsequent binding involves the collective action of other non-covalent bonds: hydrogen bond, van der Waals force, and hydrophobic interaction. This combination of bonds caused a change of secondary conformation of protein from β-sheet to helix and the possible process was illustrated. The potential protein toxicity resulting from such a non-specific binding was analyzed. Besides, the interaction of BS with peptide chains was applied to protein assay.

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Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank the Shanghai Fundamental Research Project (No. 04JC14072) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20477030) for financially supporting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Hong-Wen Gao & Lu Tan

  2. Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Xiang-Hu Liu & Zhi Qiu

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  1. Hong-Wen Gao
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  2. Xiang-Hu Liu
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  3. Zhi Qiu
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  4. Lu Tan
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Correspondence to Hong-Wen Gao.

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Gao, HW., Liu, XH., Qiu, Z. et al. Non-covalent binding of azo compound to peptide chain: interactions of biebrich scarlet and naphthochrome green with four model proteins. Amino Acids 36, 251–260 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0058-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0058-1

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