Abstract
Based on long-term reanalysis datasets, this study revealed that the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the East Asian jet stream (EAJS) is significant negative during 1925–1945 and 1985–2005 (significant periods; hereafter SPs) whereas insignificant during 1900–1920 and 1955–1975 (insignificant periods; ISPs). The unstable AO-EAJS relationship might be related to the interdecadal change of AO’s spatial structure. During SPs winters, anomalous positive AO events are characterized by atmospheric negative anomalies in the Arctic with two anomalous positive centers located in the extratropical Atlantic and Pacific, exhibiting a quasi-barotropic structure. By contrast, the anomalous center in the North Pacific is barely observed during ISPs winters. Further analysis indicated that such interdecadal change might be attributed to change of troposphere-stratosphere coupling and the North Pacific air-sea interaction. On the one hand, anomalous AO at surface is closely related to obvious planetary waves downward from the stratosphere during SPs, which favors the subtropics-Arctic teleconnection. On the other hand, the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) shows warm phase during SPs, which induces larger variance of the Aleutian Low and more intensive divergence anomalies at upper level troposphere. Due to the advection of vorticity induced by stronger divergence is favorable for stronger Rossby wave source, the Rossby wave activity is much stronger and could further propagate eastward to the North Atlantic during SPs, resulting in the Pacific-Atlantic teleconnection. Such a mechanism is supported by the numerical simulations from two individual models that are perturbed by warm/cold IPO sea surface temperature anomalies.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0600703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41505073, 41605059, and 41611130043), and the Young Talent Support Program of the China Association for Science and Technology (2016QNRC001).
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Liu, Y., He, S., Li, F. et al. Unstable relationship between the Arctic Oscillation and East Asian jet stream in winter and possible mechanisms. Theor Appl Climatol 135, 13–27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2354-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2354-8