Abstract
Feddema’s generic climate classification method is applied to study climate and climate change in the Austrian–Swiss region of the European Alps during the course of the twentieth century. A fine-tuned version of it is also tested in addition to the original scheme. Monthly precipitation and air temperature data at a spatial resolution of 10′ × 10′ are taken from the Climatic Research Unit TS 1.2 database to construct 30- and 50-year period averages. It is shown that the alpine climate is sufficiently heterogeneous to make it unnecessary to perform fine-tuning of the original scheme for its characterization on the meso-β scale (20–200 km). It is also demonstrated that data organizational effects are much less intense than the effects caused by the fine-tuning. The area heterogeneity of climate and climate change types is the highest in the vicinity of lakes (Austria: Lake Constance; Switzerland: Lakes Geneva, Neuchâtel, Biel, Zurich, and Constance) and along river valleys (Austria: the Danube, Drava, and Mur; Switzerland: the Aare and Ticino). The dominant climate change process was drying in Austria and warming in Switzerland. Large areas characterized by cold and saturated climate in the Central Eastern Alps did not experience climate change during the twentieth century.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ács F, Breuer H, Skarbit N (2015) Climate of Hungary in the twentieth century according to Feddema. Theor Appl Climatol 119:161–169
Alvarez CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, Goncalves JLM, Sparovek G (2014) Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorol Z 22:711–728
Auer I, Böhm R, Mohnl H, Potzmann R, Schöner W (2000) ÖKLIM: a digital climatology of Austria 1961–1990, Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Applied Climatology, 16 to 20 October 2000, Pisa, CD Rom, Institute of Agrometeorology and Environmental Analysis, Florence
Baker B, Diaz H, Hargrove W, Hoffman F (2010) Use of the Köppen-Trewartha climate classification to evaluate climatic refugia in statistically derived ecoregions for the People’s Republic of China. Climate Change 98:113–131
Breuer H, Ács F, Skarbit N (2017) Climate change in Hungary during the twentieth century according to Feddema. Theor Appl Climatol 127:853–863
Engelbrecht CJ, Engelbrecht FA (2016) Shifts in Köppen-Geiger climate zones over southern Africa in relation to key global temperature goals. Theor Appl Climatol 123:247–261
Essenwanger OM (2001) Classification of climates, world survey of climatology 1C. General Climatology. Elsevier, Amsterdam 126 pp
Feddema JJ (2005) A revised Thornthwaite-type global climate classification. Phys Geogr 26:442–466
Geiger R (1961) Überarbeitete Neuausgabe von Geiger, R.: Köppen-Geiger / Klima der Erde. (Wandkarte 1:16 Mill.). – Klett-Perthes, Gotha
Köppen W (1900) Versuch einer Klassifikation der Klimate, vorzugsweise nach ihren Beziehungen zur Pflanzenwelt. Geogr Z 6(593–611):657–679
Köppen W (1923) Die Klimate der Erde. Grundriss der Klimakunde. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 369 pp
Köppen W (1936) Das geographische System der Klimata. In: Köppen W, Geiger R (eds) Handbuch der Klimatologie, Band 1, Teil C. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, p 44
Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B, Rubel F (2006) World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol Z 15:259–263
McKenney MS, Rosenberg NJ (1993) Sensitivity of some potential evapotranspiration estimation methods to climate change. Agric For Meteorol 64:81–110
Mitchell TD, Carter TR, Jones PD, Hulme M, New M (2004) A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for Europe and the globe: the observed records (1901–2000) and sixteen scenarios (2001–2100). Working paper 55. Tyndall Centre of Climate Change Research, Norwich, p 25
Peel MC, Finlyson BL, McMahon TA (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 11:1633–1644
Rholi RV, Joyner TA, Reynolds SJ, Shaw C, Vázquez JR (2015) Globally extended Köppen-Geiger climate classification and temporal shifts in terrestrial climatic types. Phys Geogr 36:142–157
Rubel F, Kottek M (2010) Observed and projected climate shifts 1901–2100 depicted by world maps of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Meteorol Z 19:135–141
Rubel F, Brugger K, Haslinger K, Auer I (2016) The climate of the European Alps: shift of very-high-resolution Köpper-Geiger climate zones 1800-2100. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, PrePub. doi:10.1127/metz/2016/0816
Stern H, De Hoedt G, Ernst J (2000) Objective classification of Australian climates. Aust Meteorol Mag 49:87–96
Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr Rev 38:55–94
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ács, F., Takács, D., Breuer, H. et al. Climate and climate change in the Austrian–Swiss region of the European Alps during the twentieth century according to Feddema. Theor Appl Climatol 133, 899–910 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2230-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2230-6