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Conserving the endemic flora of the Carpathian Region: an international project to increase and share knowledge of the distribution, evolution and taxonomy of Carpathian endemics and to conserve endangered species

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Abstract

Effective conservation of biodiversity should build on a strong basis of taxonomic and spatial distribution knowledge. The Carpathian Mountains, an iconic centre of biodiversity in temperate Europe, harbour a remarkable number of endemic vascular plants. Current knowledge on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution and genetic diversity is, however, incomplete. Research and conservation efforts have mostly been country specific, resulting in contrasting chorological knowledge and taxonomic acceptance between neighbouring countries, and differing conservation policies. Urgent synchronisation of cross-border conservation measures is required. Here, we present an overview of a new international project that will address these issues, outlining the current state of knowledge and theoretical background concerning Carpathian subendemics and endemics in order to improve their conservation status. The project involves partners from eight countries, working collaboratively in conservation, research and sharing of standardised data for the Carpathian flora. Long-term seed conservation of 500 species, with a focus on endemics, regionally endangered species and range-margin populations from the Carpathians, will be used as an effective measure for the conservation of Carpathian endemics and endangered species. Research focused on the biosystematics of selected taxa will increase our knowledge of the evolutionary processes involved in the origin of the Carpathian flora. Finally, the establishment of the Carpathian Research Network (CRN) provides an official framework for pooling, sharing and standardising scientific data on Carpathian endemics from different countries. The CRN is developing an online database of the distribution of selected species (The Carpathian Endemics Distribution Database, CEDD) including their intrinsic and extrinsic traits and current opinion on their taxonomic status. This will be used to produce a monograph on the Carpathians’ endemic flora.

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Acknowledgements

The Conserving the endemic flora of the Carpathian Region project, overseen by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and managed by the Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre of the Slovak Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Botany, received generous support from Arcadia—a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. We are thankful to the editor Karol Marhold and three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that helped in improving this manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded through the Arcadia Foundation—a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. MR was financially supported by the statutory funds of the W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, England

    Elinor Breman

  2. Institute of Biological Research, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 48 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Bogdan-Iuliu Hurdu & Paul-Marian Szatmari

  3. Botanical Garden of Comenius University, 038 15, Blatnica 315, Slovakia

    Ján Kliment

  4. Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kozelnytska Str. 4, Lviv, 79026, Ukraine

    Yuriy Kobiv

  5. Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Jaromír Kučera, Jozef Šibík, Eliška Štubňová & Marek Slovák

  6. Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic

    Patrik Mráz & Marek Slovák

  7. Herbarium Collections, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic

    Patrik Mráz

  8. A. Borza Botanical Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, Republicii 42, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Mihai Pușcaș

  9. Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Republicii 44, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Mihai Pușcaș

  10. Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France

    Julien Renaud

  11. Molecular Biogeography Group, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-512, Kraków, Lubicz 46, Poland

    Michał Ronikier

  12. Bükk National Park Directorate, Sánc utca 6, 3304, Eger, Hungary

    András Schmotzer

  13. Slovak National Museum, Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, 810 06, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Eliška Štubňová

  14. Department of Botany, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 1 Universytetska Street, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine

    Yuriy Kobiv & Lydia Tasenkevich

  15. Low Tatras National Park Administration, SNC SR, Partizánska cesta 69, 974 00, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia

    Peter Turis

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  1. Elinor Breman
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Correspondence to Bogdan-Iuliu Hurdu.

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Breman, E., Hurdu, BI., Kliment, J. et al. Conserving the endemic flora of the Carpathian Region: an international project to increase and share knowledge of the distribution, evolution and taxonomy of Carpathian endemics and to conserve endangered species. Plant Syst Evol 306, 59 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01685-5

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