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Selective voltammetric determination of Cd(II) by using N,S-codoped porous carbon nanofibers

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Abstract

Porous carbon nanofibers codoped with nitrogen and sulfur (NFs) were prepared by pyrolysis of trithiocyanuric acid, silica nanospheres and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) followed by electrospinning. The NFs were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) which then displayed highly sensitive response to traces of Cd(II). Compared to a bare GCE and a Nafion modified GCE, the GCE modified with codoped NFs shows improved sensitivity for Cd(II) in differential pulse anodic sweep voltammetry. The stripping peak current (typically measured at 0.81 V vs. Ag/AgCl) increases linearly in the 2.0–500 μg·L−1 Cd(II) concentration range. This is attributed to the large surface area (109 m2·g−1), porous structure, and high fraction of heteroatoms (19 at.% of N and 0.75 at.% of S). The method was applied to the determination of Cd(II) in (spiked) tap water where it gave recoveries that ranged between 96% and 103%.

Schematic of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with N- and S-codoped porous carbon nanofibers (N,S-PCNFs). This GCE has good selectivity for cadmium ion (Cd2+) which can be determined by differential pulse anodic sweeping voltammetry (DPASV) with a detection limit as low as 0.7 ng·mL−1.

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Author notes

  1. Sanshuang Gao and Jing Liu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China

    Sanshuang Gao, Xamxikamar Mamat, Sangaraju Sambasivam, Yongtao Li & Guangzhi Hu

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China

    Sanshuang Gao

  3. Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China

    Jing Liu & Jun Luo

  4. School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China

    Xun Hu

  5. Department of Physics, Umea University, 90187, Umea, Sweden

    Thomas Wågberg & Guangzhi Hu

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  1. Sanshuang Gao
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  2. Jing Liu
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Correspondence to Jun Luo, Yongtao Li or Guangzhi Hu.

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Gao, S., Liu, J., Luo, J. et al. Selective voltammetric determination of Cd(II) by using N,S-codoped porous carbon nanofibers. Microchim Acta 185, 282 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2818-2

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