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New imaging systems in diabetic retinopathy

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Abstract

Various imaging modalities are of significant utility in the screening, grading, treatment, and follow-up of the different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema. Color stereographic photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been the gold standard for DR imaging for years. Besides these tools, newer technologies are gaining validation and popularity, such as fundus autofluorescence and OCT angiography. Furthermore, widefield retinography and ultra-widefield retinography have been introduced for a more comprehensive evaluation of the medium-far and very-far retinal peripheries, which is crucial for the assessment of the diverse manifestations of the disease. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advancements of the imaging systems for diagnosing DR, with a focus on the newest and noninvasive diagnostic tools.

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy

    Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Michele Cavalleri, Maria Brambati, Rosangela Lattanzio & Francesco Bandello

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  1. Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
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Correspondence to Francesco Bandello.

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Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Michele Cavalleri, Maria Brambati, Rosangela Lattanzio: declare that they have no conflict of interest. Francesco Bandello consultant for: Alcon (Fort Worth,Texas,USA), Alimera Sciences (Alpharetta, Georgia, USA), Allergan Inc (Irvine, California,USA), Farmila-Thea (Clermont-Ferrand, France), Bayer Shering-Pharma (Berlin, Germany), Bausch And Lomb (Rochester, New York, USA), Genentech (San Francisco, California, USA), Hoffmann-La-Roche (Basel, Switzerland), NovagaliPharma (Évry, France), Novartis (Basel, Switzerland), Sanofi-Aventis (Paris, France), Thrombogenics (Heverlee, Belgium), Zeiss (Dublin, USA). 

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Cicinelli, M.V., Cavalleri, M., Brambati, M. et al. New imaging systems in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 56, 981–994 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01373-y

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