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The response of serum Glypican-4 levels and its potential regulatory mechanism to endurance training and chamomile flowers’ hydroethanolic extract in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

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Abstract

Aims

Glypican-4 (GPC-4) is a novel adipomyokine that enhances insulin signaling. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPLD1) is thought to release GPC-4 and is itself an insulin-regulated enzyme. Beneficial effects of exercise training and chamomile flowers extract (CFE) are shown through activation of PPARγ, which is a promising drug target in diabetes and associated with GPC-4 synthesis. This study investigated the effects of 14-week treadmill running and CFE on serum GPC-4, GPLD1, and insulin levels in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ–NA)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Thirty-two STZ–NA-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (C), training (T), CFE treatment (CFE), and training plus CFE treatment (TCFE) groups. The training groups were exercised on treadmill 5 days/week and the treating groups were fed with 200 mg/kg/day CFE in drinking water for 14 weeks. Finally, serum GPC-4, GPLD1, and insulin levels were analyzed via sandwich ELISA.

Results

Compared to the control group, serum insulin levels were significantly higher in the T, CFE, and TCFE groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively), while OGTT and serum GPLD1 levels were significantly lower in the T, CFE, and TCFE groups (all p < 0.001). Changes in serum GPC-4 levels were not significant. Serum GPLD1 levels were negatively correlated with insulin levels and HOMA-IS (both p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that endurance training and CFE may downregulate serum GPLD1 levels in STZ–NA-induced diabetic rats, which associate with the serum insulin profile. However, the results show that endurance training and CFE may not cause serum GPC-4 adaptation in STZ–NA-induced diabetic rats.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Bu-Ali Sina University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

    Farzad Abdolmaleki & Ali Heidarianpour

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  1. Farzad Abdolmaleki
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  2. Ali Heidarianpour
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Correspondence to Ali Heidarianpour.

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Animal experimental procedures were in accordance with institutional guidelines and approved by the ethical committee of laboratory animals Care at Bu-Ali Sina University (BASU), Hamedan, Iran.

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Abdolmaleki, F., Heidarianpour, A. The response of serum Glypican-4 levels and its potential regulatory mechanism to endurance training and chamomile flowers’ hydroethanolic extract in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Acta Diabetol 55, 935–942 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-018-1173-4

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