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Salivary anti-coxsackievirus-B4 neutralizing activity and pattern of immune parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study

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Abstract

Aims

Enteroviruses, especially coxsackieviruses B (CV-B), have been associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). An anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity in saliva of T1D patients was previously reported. Our aim was to study the association between the saliva anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity and immune parameters in T1D patients in comparison with non-diabetic individuals.

Methods

Saliva and blood samples were collected from 15 T1D patients and 8 controls. The anti-CV-B4 and anti-poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) activities of saliva and serum samples were determined by a plaque neutralization assay. Quantification of serum cytokines was performed by ELISA and the frequencies of lymphocyte subsets were evaluated using flow cytometry.

Results

The levels of salivary anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity were higher in T1D patients than in controls (p = 0.02), whereas the serum levels of anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity and the saliva and serum levels of anti-PV-1 neutralizing activity were not different. The proportions of effector CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells, but not those of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, were higher in T1D patients than in controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01 respectively). Moreover, serum IFN-γ levels were lower in T1D patients compared to controls (p = 0.03) while IL-4 and IL-10 were not different. There was an association between saliva anti-CV-B4 activity, down-regulation of IFN-γ and B cell expansion in peripheral blood of T1D patients.

Conclusion

The association between saliva anti-CV-B4 activity and disturbance of immune system in T1D patients deserves further investigation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Ministère de l’Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, Université Lille 2 (Equipe d’accueil 3610), Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA) and Université d’Abomey-Calavi (République du Benin). We thank Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD-UMR216) and CERPAGE (Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance) who provided the flow cytometry platform. M. P. N was supported by a “CABRI 2016” scholarship of Université Lille 2 and a “Programme Eiffel 2017” scholarship of Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international de la République Française.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France

    Magloire Pandoua Nekoua, Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou, Francis Badia-Boungou, Famara Sane & Didier Hober

  2. Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin

    Magloire Pandoua Nekoua, Akadiri Yessoufou & Kabirou Moutairou

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Correspondence to Didier Hober.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Nekoua, M.P., Yessoufou, A., Alidjinou, E.K. et al. Salivary anti-coxsackievirus-B4 neutralizing activity and pattern of immune parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Acta Diabetol 55, 827–834 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-018-1158-3

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