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Index of glucose effectiveness derived from oral glucose tolerance test

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Abstract

Aim of this study was to formulate an index for glucose effectiveness (Sg), SgIo, based on 3-point (0, 30 and 120 min) 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The equation for SgIO was developed in the Chikuma cohort (n = 502). Firstly, post-loading plasma glucose without insulin action and Sg (PPG-without insulin and Sg) was calculated as follows: fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) + [0.75 × 75,000]/[0.19 × BW(kg) × 10]. Secondly, ‘PPG-without insulin/with Sg’ was obtained from inverse correlation between log10DIO and 2-h post-glucose plasma glucose at OGTT (2hPG) in each glucose tolerance category: DIO denotes oral disposition index, a product of the Matsuda Index and δIRI0–30/δPG0–30. Thirdly, expected 2hPG (2hPGE) of a given subject was obtained from the regression, and the ratio of 2hPG to 2hPGE (2hPG/2hPGE) was determined as an adjustment factor. Lastly, SgIO ([mg/dl]/min) was calculated as \( \frac{{[{\text{PPG}} \hbox{-} {\text{without}}\;{\text{insulin}}\;{\text{and}}\;{\text{Sg}}] - [{\text{PPG}} \hbox{-} {\text{without}}\;{\text{insulin}}/{\text{with}}\;{\text{Sg}}] \times [(2{\text{hPG}})/(2{\text{hPG}}_{\text{E}})]}}{120} \). SgIO was validated against Sg obtained by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in the Jichi cohort (n = 205). Also, the accuracy of prediction of Sg by SgIo was tested by the Bland–Altman plot. SgIO was 3.61 ± 0.73, 3.17 ± 0.74 and 2.15 ± 0.60 in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), non-diabetic hyperglycemia and diabetes, respectively, in the Chikuma cohort. In the Jichi cohort, SgIO was significantly correlated with Sg in the entire group (r = 0.322, P < 0.001) and in subjects with NGT (r = 0.286, P < 0.001), and SgIo accurately predicted Sg. In conclusion, SgIO could be a simple, quantitative index for Sg.

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Abbreviations

BMI:

Body mass index

NGT:

Normal glucose tolerance

NDH:

Non-diabetic hyperglycemia

IFG:

Impaired fasting glucose

IGT:

Impaired glucose tolerance

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes

FSIVGTT:

Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance test

IRI:

Immunoreactive insulin

PPG:

Post-loading plasma glucose

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

2hPG:

2-h post-glucose PG

2hPGE :

Expected 2hPG

Sg:

Glucose effectiveness

SgIO :

Oral Sg index

SgIVG :

Sg determined by FSIVGTT or the clamp method

SI:

Insulin sensitivity index

DI:

Disposition index

DIO :

Oral disposition index

ISIMatsuda :

Insulin sensitivity determined by Matsuda Index

SMA:

Standardized major axis

SD:

Standard deviation

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Acknowledgments

The study was in part supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Shoichiro Nagasaka). We thank Masayuki Yamada, Kissei Pharmaceuticals, for invaluable advice regarding statistics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan

    Shoichiro Nagasaka, Ikuyo Kusaka & Shun Ishibashi

  2. Aizawa Hospital Diabetes Center, 2-5-1 Honjo, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan

    Koh Yamashita, Yoshiko Funase, Keishi Yamauchi & Toru Aizawa

  3. Department of Medicine, Chikuma Central Hospital, Chikuma, 387-0011, Japan

    Masafumi Katakura

Authors
  1. Shoichiro Nagasaka
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  2. Ikuyo Kusaka
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  3. Koh Yamashita
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  4. Yoshiko Funase
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  5. Keishi Yamauchi
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  6. Masafumi Katakura
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  8. Toru Aizawa
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Correspondence to Toru Aizawa.

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Communicated by Renato Lauro.

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Nagasaka, S., Kusaka, I., Yamashita, K. et al. Index of glucose effectiveness derived from oral glucose tolerance test. Acta Diabetol 49 (Suppl 1), 195–204 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-012-0417-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-012-0417-y

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