Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Preliminary application of a multi-level 3D printing drill guide template for pedicle screw placement in severe and rigid scoliosis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
European Spine Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Accurate implantation of pedicle screw in spinal deformity correction surgeries is always challenging. We have developed a method of pedicle screw placement in severe and rigid scoliosis with a multi-level 3D printing drill guide template.

Methods

From November 2011 to March 2015, ten patients (4 males and 6 females) with severe and rigid scoliosis (Cobb angle >70° and flexibility <30%)were included. Multi-level template was designed and manufactured according to the part (two or three levels) of the most severe deformity. The drill template was then placed on the corresponding vertebral surface. Then, pedicle screws were carefully inserted along the trajectories. The other screws were placed in free hand. After surgery, the positions of the pedicle screws were evaluated by CT scan and graded for validation.

Results

48 screws were implanted using templates, other 104 screws in free hand, and the accuracies were 93.8 and 78.8%, respectively, with significant difference. The deformity correction ratio was 67.1 and 41.2% in coronal and sagittal plane post-operatively, respectively. The average operation time was 234.0 ± 34.1 min, and average blood loss was 557 ± 67.4 ml.

Conclusions

With the application of multi-level template, the incidence of cortex perforation in severe and rigid scoliosis decreased and this technology is, therefore, potentially applicable in clinical practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li M, Ni J, Li Y, Fang X, Gu S, Zhang Z, Zhu X (2009) Single-staged anterior and posterior spinal fusion: a safe and effective alternative for severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in China. J Paediatr Child Health 45(5):246–253

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Liljenqvist UR, Halm HF, Link TM (1997) Pedicle screw instrumentation of the thoracic spine in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 22(19):2239–2245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Clin J, Aubin CÉ, Lalonde N, Parent S, Labelle H (2011) A new method to include the gravitational forces in a finite element model of the scoliotic spine. Med Biol Eng Comput 49(8):967–977

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lonner BS, Auerbach JD, Estreicher MB, Kean KE (2009) Thoracic pedicle screw instrumentation: the learning curve and evolution in technique in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34(20):2158–2164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sarlak AY, Tosun B, Atmaca H, Sarisoy HT, Buluç L (2009) Evaluation of thoracic pedicle screw placement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 18(12):1892–1897

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Rajasekaran S, Kanna PR, Shetty TA (2010) Intra-operative computer navigation guided cervical pedicle screw insertion in thirty-three complex cervical spine deformities. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 1(1):38–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Larson AN, Polly DW Jr, Guidera KJ, Mielke CH, Santos ER, Ledonio CG, Sembrano JN (2012) The accuracy of navigation and 3D image-guided placement for the placement of pedicle screws in congenital spine deformity. J Pediatr Orthop 32(6):e23–e29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ma T, Xu YQ, Cheng YB, Jiang MY, Xu XM, Xie L, Lu S (2012) A novel computer-assisted drill guide template for thoracic pedicle screw placement: a cadaveric study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 132(1):65–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pettersson A, Kero T, Gillot L, Cannas B, Fäldt J, Söderberg R, Näsström K (2010) Accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgical template implant surgery on human cadavers: part I. J Prosthet Dent 103(6):334–342

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dandekeri SS, Sowmya MK, Bhandary S (2013) Stereolithographic surgical template: a review. J Clin Diagn Res 7(9):2093–2095

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Seres L, Varga E Jr, Kocsis A, Rasko Z, Bago B, Varga E, Piffko J (2014) Correction of a severe facial asymmetry with computerized planning and with the use of a rapid prototyped surgical template: a case report/technique article. Head Face Med 11:10–27

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ciocca L, Fantini M, De Crescenzio F, Persiani F, Scotti R (2011) Computer-aided design and manufacturing construction of a surgical template for craniofacial implant positioning to support a definitive nasal prosthesis. Clin Oral Implants Res 22(8):850–856

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ferrari V, Parchi P, Condino S, Carbone M, Baluganti A, Ferrari M, Mosca F, Lisanti M (2013) An optimal design for patient-specific templates for pedicle spine screws placement. Int J Med Robot 9(3):298–304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Merc M, Drstvensek I, Vogrin M, Brajlih T, Recnik G (2013) A multi-level rapid prototyping drill guide template reduces the perforation risk of pedicle screw placement in the lumbar and sacral spine. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 133(7):893–899

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lu S, Xu YQ, Chen GP, Zhang YZ, Lu D, Chen YB, Shi JH, Xu XM (2011) Efficacy and accuracy of a novel rapid prototyping drill template for cervical pedicle screw placement. Comput Aided Surg 16(5):240–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bai G, He D, Yang C, Lu C, Huang D, Chen M, Yuan J (2014) Effect of digital template in the assistant of a giant condylar osteochondroma resection. J Craniofac Surg 25(3):e301–e304

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gan Y, Xu D, Lu S, Ding J (2011) Novel patient-specific navigational template for total knee arthroplasty. Comput Aided Surg 16(6):288–297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Owen BD, Christensen GE, Reinhardt JM, Ryken TC (2007) Rapid prototype patient-specific drill template for cervical pedicle screw placement. Comput Aided Surg 12(5):303–308

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lu S, Zhang YZ, Wang Z, Shi JH, Chen YB, Xu XM, Xu YQ (2012) Accuracy and efficacy of thoracic pedicle screws in scoliosis with patient-specific drill template. Med Biol Eng Comput 50(7):751–758

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Seres L, Varga E Jr, Kocsis A, Rasko Z, Bago B, Varga E, Piffko J (1999) Complications associated with pedicle screws. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81(11):1519–1528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang Y, Xie J, Wang Y, Bi N, Zhao Z, Li T (2014) Thoracic pedicle classification determined by inner cortical width of pedicles on computed tomography images: its clinical significance for posterior vertebral column resection to treat rigid and severe spinal deformities-a retrospective review of cases. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 15:278

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Facanha-Filho FA, Winter RB, Lonstein JE, Koop S, Novacheck T, L’Heureux EA Jr, Noren CA (2001) Measurement accuracy in congenital scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83-A(1):42–45

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mao K, Wang Y, Xiao S, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Lu N, Shourong Z, Xifeng Z, Geng C, Baowei L (2010) Clinical application of computer-designed polystyrene models in complex severe spinal deformities: a pilot study. Eur Spine J 19(5):797–802

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Samdani AF, Ranade A, Sciubba DM, Cahill PJ, Antonacci MD, Clements DH, Betz RR (2010) Accuracy of free-hand placement of thoracic pedicle screws in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: how much of a difference does surgeon experience make? Eur Spine J 19(1):91–95

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Puvanesarajah V, Liauw JA, Lo SF, Lina IA, Witham TF (2014) Techniques and accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement. World J Orthop 5(2):112–123

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Qi DB, Wang JM, Zhang YG, Zheng GQ, Zhang XS, Wang Y (2014) Positioning thoracic pedicle screw entry point using a new landmark: a study based on 3-dimensional computed tomographic scan. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39(16):E980–E988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Berry E, Cuppone M, Porada S, Millner PA, Rao A, Chiverton N, Seedhom BB (2005) Personalised image-based templates for intra-operative guidance. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 219(2):111–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We give special thanks to the technical support of Electromechanical Engineering College, Beijing University of Technology. We also thank Drs. Zhi B Lv, Tao Cui and other members of Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University for their excellent support in supplying CT image material.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Hospital of Shunyi District Beijing, Beijing, China

    Kun Liu

  2. Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China

    Qiang Zhang, Xin Li, Changsong Zhao, Xuemin Quan & Rugang Zhao

  3. Third military Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Zongfeng Chen

  4. College of Electromechanical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China

    Yansheng Li

Authors
  1. Kun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qiang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xin Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Changsong Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xuemin Quan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rugang Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zongfeng Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yansheng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qiang Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, K., Zhang, Q., Li, X. et al. Preliminary application of a multi-level 3D printing drill guide template for pedicle screw placement in severe and rigid scoliosis. Eur Spine J 26, 1684–1689 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4926-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4926-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation