Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Etanercept treatment enhances clinical and neuroelectrophysiological recovery in partial spinal cord injury

  • Original Article
  • Published:
European Spine Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the effect of an anti-TNF-α agent (etanercept) on recovery processes in a partial spinal cord injury (SCI) model using clinical and electrophysiological tests.

Methods

Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: group 1 [SCI + 2 ml saline intramuscular (i.m.), n = 8], group 2 (SCI + 2.5 mg/kg etanercept, i.m., 2–4 h after SCI, n = 8) and group 3 (SCI + 2.5 mg/kg etanercept, i.m., 12–24 h after SCI, n = 8). Rabbits were evaluated before SCI, immediately after SCI, 1 week after, and 2 weeks after SCI, clinically by Tarlov scale and electrophysiologically by SEP.

Results

Tarlov scores of groups 2 and 3 were significantly better than group 1, 2 weeks after SCI. SEP recovery was significantly better in groups 2 and 3 than group 1, 2 weeks after SCI.

Conclusions

These results show that blocking TNF-α mediated inflammation pathway by an anti-TNF-α agent enhances clinical and electrophysiological recovery processes in partial SCI model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Leal-Filho MB (2011) Spinal cord injury: from inflammation to glial scar. Surg Neurol Int 2:112. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.83732

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Carmel JB, Galante A, Soteropoulos P, Tolias P, Recce M, Young W, Hart RP (2001) Gene expression profiling of acute spinal cord injury reveals spreading inflammatory signals and neuron loss. Physiol Genomics 7:201–213. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00074.2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Caminero A, Comabella M, Montalban X (2011) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), anti-TNF-alpha and demyelination revisited: an ongoing story. J Neuroimmunol 234:1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.03.004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. McCoy MK, Tansey MG (2008) TNF signaling inhibition in the CNS: implications for normal brain function and neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 5:45. pii: 1742-2094-5-45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tracey D, Klareskog L, Sasso EH, Salfeld JG, Tak PP (2008) Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: a comprehensive review. Pharmacol Ther 117:244–279. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.10.001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Yang L, Lindholm K, Konishi Y, Li R, Shen Y (2002) Target depletion of distinct tumor necrosis factor receptor subtypes reveals hippocampal neuron death and survival through different signal transduction pathways. J Neurosci 22:3025–3032. pii: 20026317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ferguson AR, Christensen RN, Gensel JC, Miller BA, Sun F, Beattie EC, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS (2008) Cell death after spinal cord injury is exacerbated by rapid TNF alpha-induced trafficking of GluR2-lacking AMPARs to the plasma membrane. J Neurosci 28:11391–11400. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3708-08.2008

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hermann GE, Rogers RC, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS (2001) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces cFOS and strongly potentiates glutamate-mediated cell death in the rat spinal cord. Neurobiol Dis 8:590–599. doi:10.1006/nbdi.2001.0414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sobani ZA, Quadri SA, Enam SA (2010) Stem cells for spinal cord regeneration: current status. Surg Neurol Int 1:93. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.74240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zalevsky J, Secher T, Ezhevsky SA, Janot L, Steed PM, O’Brien C, Eivazi A, Kung J, Nguyen DH, Doberstein SK, Erard F, Ryffel B, Szymkowski DE (2007) Dominant-negative inhibitors of soluble TNF attenuate experimental arthritis without suppressing innate immunity to infection. J Immunol 179:1872–1883. pii: 179/3/1872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Genovese T, Mazzon E, Crisafulli C, Di Paola R, Muia C, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S (2006) Immunomodulatory effects of etanercept in an experimental model of spinal cord injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 316:1006–1016. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.097188

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Talac R, Friedman JA, Moore MJ, Lu L, Jabbari E, Windebank AJ, Currier BL, Yaszemski MJ (2004) Animal models of spinal cord injury for evaluation of tissue engineering treatment strategies. Biomaterials 25:1505–1510. pii: S0142961203004976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tazegül T (2010) Tavşanda deneysel kısmi omurilik hasarı modelinin tanımlanması. Dissertation, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi

  14. Yıldız O (2008) Deneysel omurilik basısında riluzole ve magnezyum sülfat tedavisinin etkinliğinin MRG ve patolojik inceleme ile araştırılması. Dissertation, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi

  15. Chadi G, Andrade MS, Leme RJ, Gomide VC (2001) Experimental models of partial lesion of rat spinal cord to investigate neurodegeneration, glial activation, and behavior impairments. Int J Neurosci 111:137–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Multon S, Franzen R, Poirrier AL, Scholtes F, Schoenen J (2003) The effect of treadmill training on motor recovery after a partial spinal cord compression-injury in the adult rat. J Neurotrauma 20:699–706. doi:10.1089/089771503767869935

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Genovese T, Mazzon E, Crisafulli C, Esposito E, Di Paola R, Muia C, Di Bella P, Meli R, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S (2007) Combination of dexamethasone and etanercept reduces secondary damage in experimental spinal cord trauma. Neuroscience 150:168–181. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Marchand F, Tsantoulas C, Singh D, Grist J, Clark AK, Bradbury EJ, McMahon SB (2009) Effects of etanercept and minocycline in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Eur J Pain 13:673–681. doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.08.001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Guven C, Borcek AO, Cemil B, Kurt G, Yildirim Z, Ucankus NL, Kilic N, Ceviker N (2010) Neuroprotective effects of infliximab in experimental spinal cord ischemic injury. J Clin Neurosci 17:1563–1567. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2010.04.027

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kurt G, Ergun E, Cemil B, Borcek AO, Borcek P, Gulbahar O, Ceviker N (2009) Neuroprotective effects of infliximab in experimental spinal cord injury. Surg Neurol 71:332–336. doi:10.1016/j.surneu.2008.01.038 (discussion 336)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Agrawal G, Kerr C, Thakor NV, All AH (2010) Characterization of graded multicenter animal spinal cord injury study contusion spinal cord injury using somatosensory-evoked potentials. Spine (Phila, PA, 1976) 35:1122–1127. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181be5fa7

  22. Agrawal G, Sherman D, Maybhate A, Gorelik M, Kerr DA, Thakor NV, All AH (2010) Slope analysis of somatosensory evoked potentials in spinal cord injury for detecting contusion injury and focal demyelination. J Clin Neurosci 17:1159–1164. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2010.02.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Papakostas JC, Matsagas MI, Toumpoulis IK, Malamou-Mitsi VD, Pappa LS, Gkrepi C, Anagnostopoulos CE, Kappas AM (2006) Evolution of spinal cord injury in a porcine model of prolonged aortic occlusion. J Surg Res 133:159–166. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.10.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of the Cumhuriyet University under project number T-475.

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, 58140, Turkey

    Fatih Bayrakli, Unal Ozum & Hamit Zafer Kars

  2. Department of Neurology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey

    Hatice Balaban & Suat Topaktas

  3. Department of Anesthesiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey

    Cevdet Duger

Authors
  1. Fatih Bayrakli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hatice Balaban
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Unal Ozum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cevdet Duger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Suat Topaktas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hamit Zafer Kars
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fatih Bayrakli.

Additional information

F. Bayrakli, H. Balaban and U. Ozum contributed equally to the manuscript.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bayrakli, F., Balaban, H., Ozum, U. et al. Etanercept treatment enhances clinical and neuroelectrophysiological recovery in partial spinal cord injury. Eur Spine J 21, 2588–2593 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2319-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2319-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation