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Exogenous abscisic acid and root volatiles increase sporulation of Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198 in asymbiotic and pre-symbiotic status

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Abstract

Several studies have demonstrated asymbiotic growth and development of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, although AM fungi are regarded as obligately symbiotic root-inhabiting fungi. Phytohormones, root exudates, and volatiles are important factors regulating the host-AM fungi interaction. However, the effects of phytohormones, root exudates, and volatiles on asymbiotic (without roots present) or pre-symbiotic (with roots present but no colonization) sporulation of AM fungi are unexplored. In this study, we tested the asymbiotic sporulation of Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198 and further investigated the influences of abscisic acid (ABA), the exudates, and volatiles of tomato hairy roots on asymbiotic or pre-symbiotic sporulation in vitro. Results indicated that mother spores asymbiotically and pre-symbiotically produced daughter spores singly or in pairs. Compared with symbiotically produced spores, pre-symbiotically produced spores were significantly smaller (43.1 μm vs. 89.2 μm in diameter). Exogenous ABA applied to mother spores significantly increased the number of daughter spores, and root volatiles also significantly promoted pre-symbiotic sporulation. Our results provide the first evidence that exogenous ABA can promote AM fungal asymbiotic and pre-symbiotic sporulation, which highlights the potential role of phytohormones in AM fungal propagation.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund (No. 2018B020205001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570395).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grass Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Xiaodi Liu, Zengwei Feng & Qing Yao

  2. Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, China

    Xiaodi Liu & Honghui Zhu

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  1. Xiaodi Liu
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Correspondence to Honghui Zhu or Qing Yao.

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Liu, X., Feng, Z., Zhu, H. et al. Exogenous abscisic acid and root volatiles increase sporulation of Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198 in asymbiotic and pre-symbiotic status. Mycorrhiza 29, 581–589 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00916-z

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