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The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 43194 induces the gene expression of citrate synthase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Rahnella aquatilis HX2

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Abstract

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can cooperate with other soil microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, which develop near or on the surface of the extraradical hyphae where they perform multiple functions. However, the mechanisms involved in this privileged relationship are still poorly known. In the present study, we investigated how the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 43194 influences the three pace-making enzymes (i.e., citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Rahnella aquatilis HX2. The study was conducted under strict in vitro culture conditions and analysis made at the transcriptional level. Results showed that R. irregularis induced the expression of the gene-encoding citrate synthase (gltA), the pace-making enzyme involved in the first step of the TCA cycle, in R. aquatilis at all time points of observation (i.e., 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). The expression of the gene-encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) significantly decreased at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and the expression of the gene-encoding α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component (kgdhc) significantly increased at 1, 6, and 48 h. The above results suggested that R. irregularis may influence the level of adenosine triphosphate production in R. aquatilis and thus the metabolism of the bacterium by stimulating the expression of gltA involved in the TCA cycle. Our results suggest a fine-tuned dialog between R. irregularis MUCL 43194 and R. aquatilis HX2 and emphasize the complexity of the interactions that might take place at the hyphal surface of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hosting communities of microbes.

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Acknowledgments

We further thank the China Scholarship Council (File No. 201306350121) for providing a scholarship to Lin Zhang.

Funding

This study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701998, U1703232).

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Author notes

  1. Lin Zhang and Jiequn Fan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Lin Zhang & Gu Feng

  2. Earth and Life Institute, Applied microbiology, Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2, bte L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Lin Zhang & Stéphane Declerck

  3. Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China

    Jiequn Fan

Authors
  1. Lin Zhang
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  2. Jiequn Fan
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  3. Gu Feng
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  4. Stéphane Declerck
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gu Feng.

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Zhang, L., Fan, J., Feng, G. et al. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 43194 induces the gene expression of citrate synthase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Rahnella aquatilis HX2. Mycorrhiza 29, 69–75 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-018-0871-7

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