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Examining the “usual” in usual care: a critical review and recommendations for usual care conditions in psycho-oncology

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Abstract

Purpose

Within psycho-oncology clinical trials, usual care (UC) represents a common and important control condition. Yet recent shifts in oncology, coupled with insufficient description of such conditions, threaten to render UC increasingly difficult to define and interpret. This paper offers evidence of these shifts and recommendations for addressing them.

Methods

The broader literature on usual care as a control condition in psychosocial/behavioral intervention trials was assessed, and usual care-controlled trials in psycho-oncology were selectively reviewed, toward to goal of conceptual synthesis.

Results

We offer evidence that (1) UC control conditions are often insufficiently defined and assessed; and (2) the context of supportive care in oncology has shifted in a manner that contributes to this problem, with implications for interpreting and comparing findings across clinical trials. Three converging findings support these conclusions. First, the scientific literature increasingly documents the diversity in how “usual care” conditions are defined across psychosocial and behavioral trials, with important considerations for trial interpretation. Second, evidence suggests that the availability of psychosocial oncology care has increased over the past few decades. The increasing availability and variety of psychosocial care introduces potential confounds for UC conditions. Third, mental health care trends in the general population affect the supportive interventions available to oncology patients in UC conditions today versus in the past.

Conclusions

Shifts in psychosocial oncology and broader mental health care underscore the importance of carefully defining and assessing UC in psycho-oncology trials. Recommendations are offered for improving the design, evaluation, and interpretation of UC conditions, toward the ultimate goal of improving the quality of the evidence in psycho-oncology.

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Funding

J.J.A was supported by the American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant (Arch, RSG-15-020-01–CPPB) and Pilot & Exploratory Palliative Care Grant (Arch, PEP-16-055-01) in preparing this manuscript; A.L.S. was supported by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Stanton, BCRF-20184915).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB Muenzinger, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA

    Joanna J. Arch

  2. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Joanna J. Arch

  3. Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Annette L. Stanton

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Annette L. Stanton

  5. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Annette L. Stanton

  6. Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Annette L. Stanton

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Correspondence to Joanna J. Arch.

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Arch, J.J., Stanton, A.L. Examining the “usual” in usual care: a critical review and recommendations for usual care conditions in psycho-oncology. Support Care Cancer 27, 1591–1600 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-04677-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-04677-5

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