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Perioperative musikinduzierte Analgesie

Vergleich der Wirkung von Musik auf Schmerz zwischen prä-, intra- und postoperativer Anwendung

Perioperative music-induced analgesia

Comparison of the effect of music on pain between preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative application

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Trotz geeigneter Analgesieverfahren und Interventionen werden nur etwa 24 % der stationären Patienten mit starken bis sehr starken Schmerzen adäquat behandelt. Neben den mit Nebenwirkungen und Risiken verbundenen Opioiden gelangen zunehmend nichtpharmakologische Ansätze zur Anwendung. Eine der ältesten Methoden ist dabei die Musikbegleittherapie. Die Befundlage zur Effektivität auf Schmerz ist heterogen. Ebenso gibt es kaum Manuale und Empfehlungen für die effektive Umsetzung der Musikbegleittherapie.

Fragestellung

Ziel dieses Reviews ist, den optimalen Zeitpunkt herauszuarbeiten, zu welchem eine perioperative Musikbegleittherapie am effektivsten Schmerzen lindern kann.

Material und Methoden

Mittels einer PubMed-Recherche wurden Publikationen identifiziert, die die Wirkung von Musik während der prä-, intra- und postoperativen Phase verschiedener Eingriffe untersuchten.

Ergebnisse

Für die präoperative Phase wurden ausschließlich positive Effekte bezüglich der Schmerzlinderung berichtet, bei spärlicher Datenlage. Während der intraoperativen Phase eines medizinischen Eingriffs haben vor allem Art und Tiefe der Sedierung einen Einfluss auf die Effektivität der Musikbegleittherapie. Nur Patienten, die die Musikbegleittherapie bewusst wahrnehmen können, scheinen davon zu profitieren. In der postoperativen Phase zeigten sich positive Ergebnisse bezogen auf die subjektive Schmerzwahrnehmung, aber auch auf den Analgetikaverbrauch.

Schlussfolgerungen

Musik ist eine nichtpharmakologische und nebenwirkungsfreie Methode, Schmerzen zu lindern. Der Einsatz von Musik bei akuten operationsassoziierten Schmerzen und Faktoren, die die Effektivität vermitteln, werden diskutiert.

Abstract

Background

Despite suitable analgesia procedures and interventions only approximately 24% of inpatients with strong to very strong pain receive adequate treatment. Besides opioids, which are associated with numerous side effects and risks, non-pharmacological approaches are increasingly being used. In this context, one of the oldest known methods are music interventions; however, the state of evidence is heterogeneous and there are no explicit manuals and recommendations for the effective implementation of music interventions.

Objective

This review aimed to determine the optimal time point at which perioperative music interventions can most effectively relieve pain.

Material and methods

A PubMed search was conducted and publications investigating the effect of music during the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages of various interventions were identified.

Results

During the preoperative phase, only positive effects of music on pain relief have been reported but availability of data is sparse. During the intraoperative stage of a medical intervention the effect of music seems to be mediated by the type of anesthesia procedure and sedation depth. Only patients who can consciously perceive the music seem to profit from it. Positive alleviating effects on subjective pain perception and analgesia needs were shown in the postoperative stage.

Conclusion

Music is a non-pharmacological method to alleviate pain, which is free of side effects. Important considerations for the use of music interventions for relief of acute pain associated with surgery are discussed taking into account numerous mediating factors, which influence the efficacy of the treatment.

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Danksagung

Wir bedanken uns bei der Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung für die finanzielle Unterstützung.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    L. Ernsten &  N. K. Schaal

  2. Landesfrauenklinik, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Deutschland

    P. Hepp

  3. Universitätsfrauenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    T. Fehm

Authors
  1. L. Ernsten
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  3. T. Fehm
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  4. N. K. Schaal
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Correspondence to N. K. Schaal.

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Interessenkonflikt

L. Ernsten, P. Hepp, T. Fehm und N.K. Schaal geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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L. Ernsten und P. Hepp teilen sich die Erstautorenschaft.

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Ernsten, L., Hepp, P., Fehm, T. et al. Perioperative musikinduzierte Analgesie. Schmerz 33, 100–105 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-018-0338-y

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