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DreKiP – ein ambulantes Therapieprogramm für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Kopfschmerzen

DreKiP – an outpatient treatment program for children and adolescents with headache

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Zusammenfassung

Kopfschmerzen sind ein häufiges Gesundheitsproblem bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Das Auftreten von Kopfschmerzen und die daraus resultierende Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität und der Alltagstauglichkeit werden durch biopsychosoziale Interaktionen moduliert, die ein komplexes Behandlungsprogramm erforderlich machen. Das Dresdner KinderkopfschmerzProgramm (DreKiP) ist ein interdisziplinäres Therapieprogramm, bestehend aus 8 Modulen für Kinder/Jugendliche mit den Inhalten Edukation, Stressbewältigung, Entspannung, körperliche Fitness, Klettertherapie, Kunsttherapie, sensorisches Training sowie 6 Modulen mit parallelen Eltern-Workshops. Es wird über 2–3 Monate ambulant, schulbegleitend durchgeführt. Die Gruppen bestehen aus 6–8 Patienten einer Altersgruppe. Insgesamt erhalten die Patienten 15 h, die Eltern 7 h Therapie. Begleitend zum Programm erfolgt die Dokumentation kopfschmerzbezogener Daten wie Häufigkeit, Medikamentengebrauch, Schulausfall. Bisher absolvierten 32 Kinder und Jugendliche DreKiP, je eine Gruppe 11-, 14/15-, 14/15/16-, 16/17- und 17/18-Jähriger. 19 der 32 Patienten zeigten Migräne und Spannungskopfschmerz, 6/32 isoliert Migräne und 7/32 allein Spannungskopfschmerz. Im Median beklagten die Kinder/Jugendlichen 15 Kopfschmerztage und 4 offizielle Schulfehltage im Monat. Vorläufige Ergebnisse 6 Monate nach Programmende zeigen reduzierte Kopfschmerzhäufigkeiten für 3/4 der Patienten. Dabei wurde eine Reduktion der Kopfschmerzhäufigkeit von anfangs im Median 15 Kopfschmerztagen im Monat auf 8 Kopfschmerztage pro Monat 6 Monate nach dem Programm erreicht. Das schulbegleitende multimodale Therapieprogramm DreKiP verbessert das Umsetzen kopfschmerztherapeutischer Möglichkeiten. Zielgruppe sind Kopfschmerzkinder/-jugendliche mit kopfschmerzbedingten Einschränkungen des Alltagslebens in Schul- und Freizeit.

Abstract

Headaches are a frequent health problem among children and adolescents. The ocurrence of headaches and the resulting impairments in the quality of life and activities of daily living are modulated by biopsychosocial interactions, which necessitate a complex treatment program. The Dresden Childrens Headache Program (DreKiP) is a multidisciplinary therapy program consisting of eight modules for children and adolescents: education, stress relief, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, climbing therapy, art therapy and sensory training. In addition, there are six modules containing parallel workshops for parents. This outpatient program lasts 2–3 months and is performed parallel to the daily and school routine. Therapy groups consist of 6–8 patients in each age group. In total patients receive 15 h and the parents 7 h of therapy. Concomitant with the program, headache-associated data, such as headache frequency, medication use and school absence are documented. So far 32 children and adolescents in groups of 11, 14–15, 14–16, 17 and 17–18 years old completed the program. Of the 32 patients 19 presented with migraine and tension type headache, 6/32 with migraine and 7/32 with tension type headache only. The median number of headache days was 15 per month and 4 official school absence days per month. Preliminary results 6 months after the end of the therapy program showed reduced frequency of headaches in three quarters of our patients. The headache frequency was reduced from an initial median of 15 days per month to a median of 8 days per month after the program. The multidisciplinary program DreKiP improves the use of therapeutic means in children and adolescents with primary headaches. Children and adolescents with headache-related impairment in activities of daily life in school and leisure times constitute the target group of this therapy.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren bedanken sich bei der Dresdner Kinderhilfe e. V. und den Dresdner Neuesten Nachrichten, deren großzügige Spende die Initiierung des Programms ermöglichte.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UniversitätsSchmerzCentrum, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland

    M. Richter, E. Gruhl, E. Lautenschläger, T. Müller, F. Schumann, D. Skiera, A. Theisinger, U. Zimmer, R. Sabatowski &  G. Gossrau

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland

    M. Richter & R. Berner

  3. Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland

    E. Gruhl & M. von der Hagen

  4. Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland

    R. Sabatowski

  5. Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland

    A. Hähner

  6. Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland

    T. Müller

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  1. M. Richter
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  2. E. Gruhl
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  3. E. Lautenschläger
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  13. G. Gossrau
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Correspondence to G. Gossrau.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Richter, E. Gruhl, E. Lautenschläger, T. Müller, F. Schumann, D. Skiera, A. Theisinger, U. Zimmer, R. Berner, M. von der Hagen, R. Sabatowski, A. Hähner und G. Gossrau geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Richter, M., Gruhl, E., Lautenschläger, E. et al. DreKiP – ein ambulantes Therapieprogramm für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Kopfschmerzen. Schmerz 32, 17–29 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-017-0245-7

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