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Whole-genome re-sequencing reveals molecular mechanisms of biomass changes in 11-year-old Bt transgenic poplar

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Abstract

Key message

Genome-wide insertions/deletions were identified in Bt transgenic poplar through whole-genome re-sequencing, revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in the growth and wood characteristics of Bt transgenic poplar.

Abstract

Poplar is a fast-growing tree that relieves the wood demand in China. Previously, we found growth and wood characteristics differed in some lines of insect-resistant Bt transgenic poplar. Here, we selected five Bt transgenic lines (#12, #153, #172, #208 and #209), one untransformed control (CK2), one comparable control (CK3), and one native cultivar (JY, Populus × euramericana ‘Robusta’) in Xinjiang, China, for further study. Based on breast diameter, tree height, chemical content, and fibre morphology analyses, these transgenic lines showed fast growth and high-lignin and low-cellulose contents in the cell wall. In addition, genome-wide insertions/deletions (InDels) were compared between two transgenic lines (#12 and #153) and the untransformed control via whole-genome re-sequencing. GO enrichment and protein–protein interaction networks indicated the genes affected by differential InDels were related to programmed cell death and defence responses. This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in biomass characteristics in Bt transgenic poplar.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ACC:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

BP:

Biological process

Bt :

Bacillus thuringiensis

CAD:

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

CC:

Cellular component

CDS:

Coding sequences

GM:

Genetically modified

GO:

Gene ontolog

InDels:

Insertion/deletion polymorphisms

LRR:

Leucine-rich repeat

MF:

Molecular function

MPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

OMT:

O-Methyltransferase

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PE:

Pair-end

PPI:

Protein–protein interaction

UTR:

Untranslated regions

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Rongfeng Huang for the wood characteristics and chemical content measurement. The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0600201) and the National Key Program on Transgenic Research (2018ZX08021001).

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Author notes

  1. Jin Zhang, Tian-Yi Zhan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China

    Jin Zhang, Hui-Xia Jia, Li-Shuan Wu, Meng-Zhu Lu & Jian-Jun Hu

  2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Tian-Yi Zhan

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  1. Jin Zhang
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Contributions

JH, JZ and ML conceived and designed the experiments. JZ, TZ, HJ and LW participated in the experiments. JZ and TZ performed data analysis and drafted the manuscript. JH provides reagents and analysis tools. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jian-Jun Hu.

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The authors declare no competing financial interest.

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Zhang, J., Zhan, TY., Jia, HX. et al. Whole-genome re-sequencing reveals molecular mechanisms of biomass changes in 11-year-old Bt transgenic poplar. Trees 32, 1609–1620 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-018-1737-5

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