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Genetic variability of Araucaria angustifolia in the Argentinean Parana Forest and implications for management and conservation

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Genetic variability of Araucaria angustifolia populations in Argentina was moderate-to-low and reduced by logging. Some studied populations and the plantation are valuable gene pools for conservation and management.

Abstract

The main forces shaping genetic variability of woody species in fragmented forest are the geographical distribution and demographic history of populations. We conducted molecular analyses to evaluate how these factors have affected Araucaria angustifolia genetic variability in the Argentinean Parana Forest and to identify valuable gene pools for conservation and management purposes. Using 706 polymorphic AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers, we analyzed nine native populations with different logging history and one plantation (312 individuals) of an uncertain origin. Average genetic diversity for the native populations was moderate-to-low (He = 0.128) in accordance with their marginal location within Araucaria’s range. In general, genetic diversity of populations decreases from east to west with increasing distances from the main area of species distribution on southern Brazil. Logging may have been responsible for further reduction of genetic variability in the more intensely exploited populations of the southern region and in some private fields. The moderate genetic differentiation among populations (ΦPT = 0.080) suggests an increase in the genetic structure of remnant populations because of fragmentation. UPGMA and Bayesian analyses agreed with the geographic location of populations. Populations from the southern Provincial Parks at Araucaria’s range edges grouped and differed genetically more from other populations. The highest genetic diversity of the plantation (He = 0.155) suggests that its individuals could have originated from seeds collected from different and/or highly variable sources of Brazil and the northeast of Argentina.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financed by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) (PNFOR 044331). We thank the EEA INTA Montecarlo’s technical teams, who participated in plant collection in Misiones. We also thank María de la Paz Sarasola and Andrea González for DNA extraction assistance. We acknowledge Martin Pinazo for providing information of the plantation from the Reserve Forest of Campo Anexo Manuel Belgrano (CAMB) and Julia Sabio y García for language editing.

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  1. María Virginia Inza and Natalia Cristina Aguirre are equal contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN, INTA Castelar-CNIA, N Repetto y De los Reseros s/n Hurlingham, CP 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    María Virginia Inza, Susana Leonor Torales & Noga Zelener

  2. Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA Castelar-CNIA, N Repetto y De los Reseros s/n Hurlingham, CP 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Natalia Cristina Aguirre

  3. EEA INTA Montecarlo, Av. El Libertador No. 2472, CP 3384, Montecarlo, Misiones, Argentina

    Norberto Manuel Pahr & Hugo Enrique Fassola

  4. EEA INTA Famaillá, Ruta 301 km 32, CP 4132, Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina

    Luis Fernando Fornes

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  1. María Virginia Inza
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Inza, M.V., Aguirre, N.C., Torales, S.L. et al. Genetic variability of Araucaria angustifolia in the Argentinean Parana Forest and implications for management and conservation. Trees 32, 1135–1146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-018-1701-4

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