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Ectoparasite sharing among native and invasive birds in a metropolitan area

  • Arthropods and Medical Entomology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Parasite-mediated competition has been reported to be one of the most harmful, although overlooked, impacts that alien species have on native ecosystems. Monk parakeets Myiopsitta monachus are successful invaders in Europe, where they have been introduced from South America. Colonial nests of these parrots may also host other species, e.g. the rock pigeon Columba livia forma domestica. In this work, we analysed the ectoparasite composition of monk parakeets in Barcelona (Spain) and we evaluated their potential role as parasite-mediated competitors, by comparing their parasitic load with that of coexisting rock pigeons. Only two arthropod species were observed on monk parakeets, whereas four species were detected on pigeons. Parakeets were rarely infested by pigeon parasites (prevalence = 0.66%), whereas parakeet mites were recorded more often on pigeons (prevalence = 10.00%). The number of total parasites per bird increased with increasing densities of monk parakeets, both for pigeons and for parakeets. Therefore, overcrowding of birds due to the increasing population of monk parakeets in Barcelona may affect the health status of native pigeons, suggesting a potential role for parasite mediated competition by introduced parakeets. Furthermore, spill-over of alien mites (Ornithonyssus bursa) by monk parakeets to rock pigeons should be monitoring as it may affect human health.

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Acknowledgements

Birds were handled and ringed with the permission of Institut Català d’Ornitologia and the Environment Department of the Generalitat de Catalunya. We also wish to acknowledge the support provided by COST European Cooperation in Science and Technology Actions ES1304 “ParrotNet” for the development of this manuscript. The contents of this manuscript are the authors’ responsibility and neither COST nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained herein. D. Beal and V. Sfondrini kindly took the time to read our manuscript and improve English language and syntax. Two anonymous reviewers greatly improved our first draft with useful comments.

Funding

The present study was funded by CGL-2016-79568-C3-3-P research project to JCS from the Spanish Research Council (Ministry of Economics and Competiveness).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, SI, Italy

    Emilano Mori & Niccolò Fattorini

  2. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza de Lesseps, 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Pascual Sala

  3. Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain

    Mattia Menchetti

  4. Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy

    Mattia Menchetti

  5. Servei de Vigilància i Control de Plagues Urbanes, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Av. Príncep d’Astúries 63, 3r 2a, 08012, Barcelona, Spain

    Tomas Montalvo

  6. CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Public Salud Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Tomas Montalvo

  7. Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Psg. Picasso s/n., 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    Juan Carlos Senar

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  1. Emilano Mori
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Contributions

JCS, JP and EM conceived the idea and wrote most of the paper. TM, JP and JCS collected the parasites; EM and MM identified the parasites of monk parakeets. NF performed the statistical analyses and wrote the relevant part of the manuscript, as well as participated in writing the last draft.

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Correspondence to Emilano Mori.

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Mori, E., Sala, J.P., Fattorini, N. et al. Ectoparasite sharing among native and invasive birds in a metropolitan area. Parasitol Res 118, 399–409 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6174-2

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