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Parasitology Research

, Volume 117, Issue 6, pp 1783–1791 | Cite as

Human colostrum action against Giardia lamblia infection influenced by hormones and advanced maternal age

  • Queli Lisiane Castro Pereira
  • Cristiane de Castro Pernet Hara
  • Rubian Trindade Silva Fernandes
  • Danny Laura Gomes Fagundes
  • Aline do Carmo França-Botelho
  • Maria Aparecida Gomes
  • Eduardo Luzía França
  • Adenilda Cristina Honorio-França
Original Paper
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Abstract

Children are more susceptible to Giardia lamblia infection. Cells and hormones contained in human colostrum have an immunoprotective action against giardiasis, but the effects of advanced maternal age on these components are poorly understood. This study analyzed the colostrum of older women to determine melatonin and cortisol levels besides the participation of these hormones on the functional activity of phagocytes against G. lamblia. Colostrum samples were collected from younger (18 to 35 years old) and older (over 36 years old) lactating women. Colostrum samples were subjected to melatonin and cortisol determination, immunophenotyping, quantification of superoxide release, and assessment of phagocytic rate and microbicidal activity of phagocytes treated with hormones and in the presence of G. lamblia. Colostrum from mothers of advanced age contained higher melatonin and cortisol levels and a lower rate of cells expressing CD14+ and CD15+. In the colostru of these older mothers, melatonin increased superoxide release by phagocytes. In both groups, superoxide release by phagocytes treated with cortisol was higher in the presence of G. lamblia. In colostrum from mothers of advanced age, mononuclear (MN) phagocytes treated with melatonin showed higher phagocytosis of G. lamblia and higher microbicidal index. In younger mothers, MN and polymorphonuclear (PMN) colostrum phagocytes exhibited higher rates of G. lamblia elimination when treated with both melatonin and cortisol. In older mothers, cortisol and melatonin regulation for the functional activity of colostrum phagocytes against G. lamblia may represent an additional defense mechanism, relevant for the protection and treatment of parasitic infections in breastfed children.

Keywords

Giardia lamblia Colostrum Climacteric Phagocytes Hormones 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil; Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa de Mato Grosso (FAPEMAT), Brazil; and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—CAPES, Brazil.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Queli Lisiane Castro Pereira
    • 1
    • 2
  • Cristiane de Castro Pernet Hara
    • 1
  • Rubian Trindade Silva Fernandes
    • 1
  • Danny Laura Gomes Fagundes
    • 1
  • Aline do Carmo França-Botelho
    • 3
  • Maria Aparecida Gomes
    • 2
  • Eduardo Luzía França
    • 1
  • Adenilda Cristina Honorio-França
    • 1
  1. 1.Institute of Biological and Health ScienceFederal University of Mato GrossoBarra do GarçasBrazil
  2. 2.Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
  3. 3.Institute of Health SciencesUniversity Center of Planalto de AraxáAraxáBrazil

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