Abstract
Purpose
Majority of relapses in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) occur within 3 years after initial treatment, late relapses (LR), happening 5 or more years after first diagnosis is rare events. Neither clinical characteristics, risk factors, nor optimal treatment is well described for LR patients. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive analysis on the LR of HL to outline a patient population at risk of relapsing late.
Patients and methods
637 HL patients were treated at the University of Debrecen between 1981 and 2010. Patient data was evaluated retrospectively. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and odds ratios (OR) were identified by binary logistic regression models.
Results
With a median observational time of 9.08 years 584 (91%) HL patients achieved complete remission (CR) after first line treatment. Relapse occurred in 176 (28%) patients, 26 (4%) of them 5 or more years after first diagnosis. With multivariable analysis, initial diagnosis before the age of 24 (p < 0.001), initial presentation between 1981 and 1990 or 1991–2000 (p = 0.025 and p = 0.023, respectively) and first line treatment with radiotherapy only (p = 0.034) were identified as independent risk factors for LR. We observed a significantly impaired OS for patients with early relapse HL compared to those in long-term remission or experiencing LR (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Late relapse of HL presents with clinical characteristics very similar to primary disease and appears to have a good prognosis. First diagnosis in childhood or young adulthood and first line treatment before the ABVD era increases the risk of relapsing late.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the enormous support of Katalin Hodosi regarding data cleaning and statistical analysis.
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Regional and Institutional Ethics Committee, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
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Pinczés, L., Miltényi, Z. & Illés, Á. Young adults diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma are at risk of relapsing late: a comprehensive analysis of late relapse in Hodgkin lymphoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 144, 935–943 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2613-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2613-9