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Altered functional network connectivity in preterm infants: antecedents of cognitive and motor impairments?

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Abstract

Very preterm infants (≤ 31 weeks gestational age) are at high risk for brain injury and delayed development. Applying functional connectivity and graph theory methods to resting state MRI data (fcMRI), we tested the hypothesis that preterm infants would demonstrate alterations in connectivity measures both globally and in specific networks related to motor, language and cognitive function, even when there is no anatomical imaging evidence of injury. Fifty-one healthy full-term controls and 24 very preterm infants without significant neonatal brain injury, were evaluated at term-equivalent age with fcMRI. Preterm subjects showed lower functional connectivity from regions associated with motor, cognitive, language and executive function, than term controls. Examining brain networks using graph theory measures of functional connectivity, very preterm infants also exhibited lower rich-club coefficient and assortativity but higher small-worldness and no significant difference in modularity when compared to term infants. The findings provide evidence that functional connectivity exhibits deficits soon after birth in very preterm infants in key brain networks responsible for motor, language and executive functions, even in the absence of anatomical lesions. These functional network measures could serve as prognostic biomarkers for later developmental disabilities and guide decisions about early interventions.

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Funding

This study was funded in part by the Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s and the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke under NIH Grant 5R01-NS094200 to PI: Nehal Parikh, DO, MS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Elveda Gozdas & Scott K. Holland

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Nehal A. Parikh, Stephanie L. Merhar & Lili He

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Nehal A. Parikh

  4. Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Elveda Gozdas & Jean A. Tkach

  5. Medpace Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Lili He & Scott K. Holland

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  1. Elveda Gozdas
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  2. Nehal A. Parikh
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  3. Stephanie L. Merhar
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  4. Jean A. Tkach
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  5. Lili He
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  6. Scott K. Holland
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Correspondence to Scott K. Holland.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Nationwide Children’s Hospital (Columbus, Ohio, USA) Institutional Review Board approved this study and written parental informed consent was obtained for every subject prior to imaging.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Gozdas, E., Parikh, N.A., Merhar, S.L. et al. Altered functional network connectivity in preterm infants: antecedents of cognitive and motor impairments?. Brain Struct Funct 223, 3665–3680 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1707-0

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