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Age- and function-related regional changes in cortical folding of the default mode network in older adults

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Abstract

Healthy aging is accompanied by changes in the functional architecture of the default mode network (DMN), e.g. a posterior to anterior shift (PASA) of activations. The putative structural correlate for this functional reorganization, however, is largely unknown. Changes in gyrification, i.e. decreases of cortical folding were found to be a marker of atrophy of the brain in later decades of life. Therefore, the present study assessed local gyrification indices of the DMN in relation to age and cognitive performance in 749 older adults aged 55–85 years. Age-related decreases in local gyrification indices were found in the anterior part of the DMN [particularly; medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] of the right hemisphere, and the medial posterior parts of the DMN [particularly; posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus] of both hemispheres. Positive correlations between cognitive performance and local gyrification indices were found for (1) selective attention and left PCC/precuneus, (2) visual/visual–spatial working memory and bilateral PCC/precuneus and right angular gyrus (AG), and (3) semantic verbal fluency and right AG and right mPFC. The more pronounced age-related decrease in local gyrification indices of the posterior parts of the DMN supports the functionally motivated PASA theory by correlated structural changes. Surprisingly, the prominent age-related decrease in local gyrification indices in right hemispheric ROIs provides evidence for a structural underpinning of the right hemi-aging hypothesis. Noticeably, the performance-related changes in local gyrification largely involved the same parts of the DMN that were subject to age-related local gyrification decreases. Thus, the present study lends support for a combined structural and functional theory of aging, in that the functional changes in the DMN during aging are accompanied by comparably localized structural alterations.

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Acknowledgments

This project was partially funded by the German National Cohort and the 1000BRAINS-Study of the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Germany. We thank the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Germany) for the generous support of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. The study is also supported by the German Ministry of Education and Science. Assessment of psychosocial factors and neighborhood level information is funded by the German Research Council (DFG; Project SI 236/8-1 and SI236/9-1 and ER 155/6-1, 6-2). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant Agreement No. 604102 (Human Brain Project). We thank the investigative group and the study staff of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Christiane Jockwitz, Svenja Caspers & Katrin Amunts

  2. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany

    Christiane Jockwitz, Svenja Caspers, Silke Lux, Kerstin Jütten, Axel Schleicher, Simon B. Eickhoff, Katrin Amunts & Karl Zilles

  3. Institute Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Simon B. Eickhoff

  4. JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany

    Karl Zilles

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Karl Zilles

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  1. Christiane Jockwitz
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Jockwitz, C., Caspers, S., Lux, S. et al. Age- and function-related regional changes in cortical folding of the default mode network in older adults. Brain Struct Funct 222, 83–99 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-016-1202-4

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