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Transcriptome profiling illustrates expression signatures of dehydration tolerance in developing grasspea seedlings

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Abstract

Main conclusion

This study highlights dehydration-mediated temporal changes in physicochemical, transcriptome and metabolome profiles indicating altered gene expression and metabolic shifts, underlying endurance and adaptation to stress tolerance in the marginalized crop, grasspea.

Grasspea, often regarded as an orphan legume, is recognized to be fairly tolerant to water-deficit stress. In the present study, 3-week-old grasspea seedlings were subjected to dehydration by withholding water over a period of 144 h. While there were no detectable phenotypic changes in the seedlings till 48 h, the symptoms appeared during 72 h and aggravated upon prolonged dehydration. The physiological responses to water-deficit stress during 72–96 h displayed a decrease in pigments, disruption in membrane integrity and osmotic imbalance. We evaluated the temporal effects of dehydration at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. In total, 5201 genes of various functional classes including transcription factors, cytoplasmic enzymes and structural cell wall proteins, among others, were found to be dehydration-responsive. Further, metabolome profiling revealed 59 dehydration-responsive metabolites including sugar alcohols and amino acids. Despite the lack of genome information of grasspea, the time course of physicochemical and molecular responses suggest a synchronized dehydration response. The cross-species comparison of the transcriptomes and metabolomes with other legumes provides evidence for marked molecular diversity. We propose a hypothetical model that highlights novel biomarkers and explain their relevance in dehydration-response, which would facilitate targeted breeding and aid in commencing crop improvement efforts.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

bHLH:

Basic helix-loop-helix

CML15:

Calmodulin-like 15

DW:

Dry weight

ERF:

Ethylene responsive factor

FW:

Fresh weight

HSD:

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

HSP:

Heat shock protein

JA:

Jasmonic acid

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

PAP:

Purple acid phosphatase

PP2C:

Protein phosphatase 2C

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RWC:

Relative water content

SSR:

Simple sequence repeats

TFs:

Transcription factors

β-ODAP:

β-N-oxalyl-α,β-diaminopropionic acid

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Acknowledgements

We express our sincere gratitude to Tatyana Goldberg, Technical University of Munich, Germany, for helping with the localization prediction.

Funding

This work was supported by Grants (38/1385/14/EMR-II) from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India. We also thank the CSIR for providing predoctoral fellowship to DR and SG as well as University Grants Commission (UGC) for providing predoctoral fellowship to AP.

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  1. Saurabh Gayali and Akanksha Pareek contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Divya Rathi, Saurabh Gayali, Akanksha Pareek, Subhra Chakraborty & Niranjan Chakraborty

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  1. Divya Rathi
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  2. Saurabh Gayali
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Rathi, D., Gayali, S., Pareek, A. et al. Transcriptome profiling illustrates expression signatures of dehydration tolerance in developing grasspea seedlings. Planta 250, 839–855 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-03082-2

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