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Inhibitory effect of luminal saccharides on glucose absorption from an adjacent jejunal site in rats: a newly described intestinal neural reflex

  • Organ Physiology
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Abstract

Nutrients in the lumen of the small intestine are sensed by special cells in the epithelial lining. The ensuing neurohumoral reflexes affect gastrointestinal absorption/secretion, motility, and vascular perfusion. To study in vivo the effect of a monosaccharide (glucose) or polysaccharide (starch) present in the jejunum on glucose absorption from an adjacent part of the intestine and investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. Using the single pass intraluminal perfusion technique, a segment of jejunum (perfusion segment) was continuously perfused with 20 mM glucose to determine glucose absorption. One hour later, a bolus of a saccharide was instilled in an isolated adjacent jejunal segment and the change in glucose absorption was monitored for a further 2 h. The contribution of neural mechanisms in this process was investigated. Instillation of glucose (20 mM or 40 mM) in either distal or proximal jejunal pouch elicited immediate and sustained inhibition of glucose absorption (a decrease by 25%; P < 0.01) from the perfused jejunal segment. Comparable inhibition was obtained with instillation of other monosaccharides or starch in the jejunal pouch. This inhibition was abolished by adding tetrodotoxin to the pouch or to the perfused jejunal segment and also by pretreatment with sympathetic blockers (guanethidine or hexamethonium) and by chemical ablation of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers. Glucose absorption within the jejunum is auto-regulated through backward and forward mechanisms. This regulation is mediated by neural reflexes involving capsaicin-sensitive afferent and sympathetic efferent fibers. These reflexes might serve to protect against hyperglycemia.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The research was supported by a grant from the University Research Board (URB) and the Medical Practice Plan (MPP) of the American University of Beirut, Lebanon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 113-6044, Beirut, Lebanon

    Fadi H. Mourad, Kassem A. Barada & Nayef E. Saade

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 113-6044, Hamra, Beirut, 110-32090, Lebanon

    Fadi H. Mourad & Kassem A. Barada

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  1. Fadi H. Mourad
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  3. Nayef E. Saade
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FD and KB contributed in study design, analyzing the data, and writing the paper. NS contributed in performing the research, analyzing the data, and writing the paper.

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Correspondence to Fadi H. Mourad.

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The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the American University of Beirut and were approved by its Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

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Mourad, F.H., Barada, K.A. & Saade, N.E. Inhibitory effect of luminal saccharides on glucose absorption from an adjacent jejunal site in rats: a newly described intestinal neural reflex. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 471, 595–603 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-018-2230-0

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