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Adenylyl cyclase 6 is involved in the hyposecretory status of experimental colitis

  • Signaling and cell physiology
  • Published:
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Abstract

One of the cardinal symptoms of intestinal inflammation is diarrhea. Acute intestinal inflammation is associated with inhibition of ion absorption and increased secretion, along with fluid leakage due to epithelial injury and changes in permeability. However, in the chronic situation, a downregulation of both absorptive and secretory transport has been reported. We investigated how experimental colitis reduces cAMP levels in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of adenylyl cyclases (AC). Primary colonic epithelial cells obtained from rats with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid colitis and non-colitic controls were analyzed for AC expression by RT-qPCR and Western blot, following a preliminary microarray analysis. AC6 and AC5 were found to be expressed in colonocytes, and downregulated by inflammation, with the former exhibiting considerably higher mRNA levels in both cases. To test the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines may account for this effect, Caco 2 cells were treated with IL-1β, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. All three cytokines inhibited forskolin evoked short-circuit currents in Ussing chambers and lowered intracellular cAMP, but failed to alter AC6 mRNA levels. AC5/AC6 expression was however inhibited in mouse jejunal organoids treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not IL-1β. Gene knockdown of AC6 resulted in a significant decrease of ion secretion in T84 cells. We conclude that the disturbances in ion secretion observed in rat TNBS colitis are associated with low intracellular levels of cAMP in the epithelium, which may be explained in part by the downregulation of AC5/AC6 expression by proinflammatory cytokines.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to express their gratitude to Samuel Cantarero and the Centro de Instrumentación Científica of the University of Granada. This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, partly with Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER funds [grant numbers SAF2008-01432, AGL2008-04332, SAF2011-22922, SAF2011-22812, BFU2014-57736-P, AGL2014-58883-R]; and by Junta de Andalucía [grants number CTS164, CTS235]. IRC, BO, RGB and CHC were funded by Ministry of Education. CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. We also appreciate the collaboration of the Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Isabel Romero-Calvo, Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque & Olga Martínez-Augustin

  2. Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Borja Ocón, Reyes Gámez-Belmonte & Fermín Sánchez de Medina

  3. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Hugo R. de Jonge & Marcel J. Bijvelds

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  1. Isabel Romero-Calvo
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  2. Borja Ocón
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  4. Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
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  6. Marcel J. Bijvelds
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  7. Olga Martínez-Augustin
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  8. Fermín Sánchez de Medina
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Correspondence to Olga Martínez-Augustin.

Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary Table 1

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Supplementary Table 2

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Supplementary Table 3

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Supplementary Table 4

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Supplementary Fig. 1

Chromatogram example of a standard (a) and sample (b) for cAMP. (PNG 297 kb)

High resolution (TIF 887 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2

Schematic representation of the effect of TNBS on gene expression in rat colonocytes. (PNG 140 kb)

High resolution (TIF 910 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 3

Effects of IL-1β, TNF-α or IFN-γ on IL-8 and MCP-1 production in Caco 2 cells after 25 h incubation. n = 6. +p < 0.05 vs. control. (PNG 36 kb)

High resolution (TIF 132 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 4

Expression of ATPase α and β subunits, Cftr, Nkcc1, Nhe3 and Dra (a-f, respectively) in jejunum organoids from WT mice studied by RT-qPCR. n = 8–10. +p < 0.05 vs. control. (PNG 188 kb)

High resolution (TIF 728 kb)

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Romero-Calvo, I., Ocón, B., Gámez-Belmonte, R. et al. Adenylyl cyclase 6 is involved in the hyposecretory status of experimental colitis. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 470, 1705–1717 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-018-2187-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-018-2187-z

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