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Aerobic or resistance exercise performed the previous day does not attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in overweight/obese adults

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Abstract

Introduction

Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) impairs vascular endothelial function (VEF). A single bout of aerobic exercise (AE) attenuates PPH-induced decreases in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a non-invasive measure of VEF, in healthy adults for up to 17 h post-exercise. Studies examining the effects of resistance exercise (RE) on postprandial FMD responses are lacking.

Purpose

We hypothesized that a single bout of exercise performed the prior evening would attenuate PPH-induced decreases in FMD, independent of exercise modality.

Methods

In a randomized, cross-over design, overweight/obese adults [n = 11 (8 women); 22 ± 4 years; 32.3 ± 5.8 kg m−2] completed 3 separate trials: control (seated rest), AE (30 min at ~ 60% VO2max), or whole-body RE (30 min, 6 exercises, 3 × 10-repetition maximum). Each trial occurred 14–17 h prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Brachial artery FMD and plasma glucose and insulin were measured prior to and at 30-min intervals for 2 h following the OGTT. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to evaluate differences within and between trials.

Results

Trials occurred 15.3 ± 1.0 h prior to the OGTT. Relative to baseline, FMD transiently decreased (P < 0.05) at 30–60 min post-ingestion, plasma glucose increased (P < 0.01) at 30–90 min post-ingestion, and plasma insulin increased (P < 0.01) at 30–120 min post-ingestion. No between trial differences were observed for FMD, glucose, or insulin.

Conclusions

Aerobic or resistance exercise performed the evening prior to an OGTT does not attenuate postprandial decreases in brachial artery FMD in overweight/obese adults.

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Abbreviations

AE:

Aerobic exercise

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

AUC:

Area under the curve

BMI:

Body mass index

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

FMD:

Flow-mediated dilation

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HOMA-IR:

Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance

HR:

Heart rate

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

NO:

Nitric oxide

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance test

PPH:

Postprandial hyperglycemia

RE:

Resistance exercise

RER:

Respiratory exchange ratio

RM:

Repetition maximum

RPE:

Rating of perceived exertion

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Triglycerides

VEF:

Vascular endothelial function

VO2max :

Maximal oxygen consumption

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a College of Education, Health, and Society Seed Grant and Miami University Committee for Faculty Research Award. The authors acknowledge the contributions of our participants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, 420 South Oak Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA

    Kevin D. Ballard, Craig W. Berry, Conlan J. Varty, Kristina B. Arslain & Kyle L. Timmerman

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  1. Kevin D. Ballard
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  2. Craig W. Berry
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  3. Conlan J. Varty
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  4. Kristina B. Arslain
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  5. Kyle L. Timmerman
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Contributions

KB, CB, and CV conceived and designed research. KB, CB, CV, and KA conducted experiments and analyzed data. KB and KT wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kevin D. Ballard.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Communicated by William J. Kraemer.

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Ballard, K.D., Berry, C.W., Varty, C.J. et al. Aerobic or resistance exercise performed the previous day does not attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in overweight/obese adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 119, 1855–1863 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04174-x

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