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Fluid intake restores retinal blood flow early after exhaustive exercise in healthy subjects

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European Journal of Applied Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

It remains unclear whether rehydration restores retinal blood flow reduced by exhaustive exercise. We investigated the effect of fluid intake on retinal blood flow after exhaustive exercise.

Methods

Blood flow in the inferior (ITRA) and superior temporal retinal arterioles (STRA) was measured before and after incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion in 13 healthy males. After the exercise, the subjects rested without drinking (control condition: CON) or with drinking an electrolyte containing water (rehydrate condition: REH) and were followed up for a period of 120 min. To assess the hydration state, the body mass was measured, and venous blood samples were collected and plasma volume (PV) was calculated.

Results

Body mass decreased in CON after the trial [− 1.1 ± 0.1% (mean ± SE), p < 0.05]. PV was lower in CON than in REH during recovery. The ITRA and STRA blood flows decreased immediately after exercise from the resting baseline (ITRA; − 23 ± 4% in REH and − 30 ± 4% in CON, p < 0.05). The ITRA blood flow recovered baseline level at 15 min of recovery in REH (− 9 ± 3%, p = 0.5), but it remained reduced in CON (-14 ± 3%, p < 0.05). The STRA blood flow was higher in REH than in CON at 15 min (2 ± 3 vs. − 5 ± 3%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the reduction in retinal blood flow induced by exhaustive exercise can be recovered early by rehydration.

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Abbreviations

CI:

Conductance index

CON:

Control condition

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

HR:

Heart rate

ICA:

Internal carotid artery

IOP:

Intraocular pressure

ITRA:

Inferior temporal retinal arteriole

LSFG:

Laser-speckle flowgraphy

MAP:

Mean arterial pressure

OPP:

Ocular perfusion pressure

PaCO2 :

Arterial partial pressure of CO2

P ETCO2 :

End-tidal partial pressure of CO2

P ETO2 :

End-tidal partial pressure of O2

PV:

Plasma volume

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Cardiac output

rh:

Relative humidity

REH:

Rehydrate condition

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

STRA:

Superior temporal retinal arteriole

V T :

Tidal volume

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory Incorporated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Commerce, Yokohama College of Commerce, Higashiterao, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Tsukasa Ikemura

  2. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

    Katsuhiko Suzuki & Koichi Yada

  3. Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

    Nobuhiro Nakamura

  4. Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan

    Naoyuki Hayashi

Authors
  1. Tsukasa Ikemura
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  2. Katsuhiko Suzuki
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  3. Nobuhiro Nakamura
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  4. Koichi Yada
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  5. Naoyuki Hayashi
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Contributions

TI and KS conceived and designed research. TI, KS, NN, and KY conducted experiments. TI, NN, and KY analyzed data. TI, KS, and NH interpreted data. TI wrote the manuscript. TI, KS, and NH revised manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoyuki Hayashi.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Additional information

Communicated by I. Mark Olfert.

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Ikemura, T., Suzuki, K., Nakamura, N. et al. Fluid intake restores retinal blood flow early after exhaustive exercise in healthy subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 1053–1061 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3839-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3839-6

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