Abstract
Purpose
We observed cone photoreceptors by using adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and examined the correlations between cone photoreceptors and visual function over 2 years.
Methods
Six patients with RP were studied. All patients underwent measurement using best-corrected decimal visual acuity, OCT, a Humphrey Field Analyzer with the 10-2 test grid pattern, and AO. AO images of the foveal center were obtained using an rtx1™ AO fundus camera, and cone counting was performed at 0.5 mm from the foveal center.
Results
AO detected a decrease of cone density over 2 years in RP patients. However, visual acuity, foveal sensitivity, and photoreceptor thickness were not changed over the 2 years.
Conclusions
AO images showed a decrease in the number of foveal cone densities over 2 years in patients with RP. AO may shorten the period required to predict the RP progression rate.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Phelan JK, Bok D (2000) A brief review of retinitis pigmentosa and identified retinitis pigmentosa genes. Mol Vis 6:116–124
Hartong DT, Berson E, Tryja TP (2006) Retinitis pigmentosa. Lancet 368:1795–1809
Hamel C (2006) Retinitis pigmentosa. BioMed Cent Orphanet J Rare Dis 1:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-1-40.
Wright AF, Chakarova CF, Abd El-Aziz MM, Bhattacharya SS (2010) Photoreceptor degeneration:genetic and mechanistic dissection of a complex trait. Nat Rev Genet 11(4):273–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2717
Fischer MD, Fleischauer JC, Gillies MC, Sutter FK, Helbig H, Barthelmes D (2008) A new method to monitor visual field defects caused by photoreceptor degeneration by quantitative optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:3617–3621
Battu R, Khanna A, Hegde B, Berendschot TT, Grover S, Schouten JS (2015) Correlation of structure and function of the macula in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Eye 29:895–901
Choi SS, Doble N, Hardy JL, Jones SM, Keltner JL, Olivier SS, Werner JS (2006) In vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic in retinal dystrophies and correlations with visual function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:2080–2092
Tojo N, Nakamura T, Fuchizawa C, Oiwake T, Hayashi A (2013) Adaptive optics fundus images of cone photoreceptors in the macula of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Clin Ophthalmol 7:203–210
Ratnam K, Carroll J, Porco TC, Duncan JL, Roorda A (2013) Relationship between foveal cone structure and clinical measures of visual function in patients with inherited retinal degenerations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54(8):5836–5847. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-12557
Makiyama Y, Ooto S, Hangai M, Takayama K, Uji A, Oishi A, Ogino K, Nakagawa S, Yoshimura N (2013) Macular cone abnormalities in retinitis pigmentosa with preserved central vision using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. PLoS One 8(11):e79447–e72013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079447. eCollection
Mengihi M, Lujan BJ, Zayit-Soudry S, Syed R, Porco TC, Bayabo K, Carroll J, Roorda A, Duncan JL (2015) Correlation of outer nuclear layer thickness with cone density values in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and healthy subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56:372–381
Duncan JL, Zhang Y, Gandhi J, Nakanishi C, Othman M, Branham KE, Swaroop A, Roorda A (2007) High-resolution imaging with adaptive optics in patients with inherited retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(7):3283–3291
Georgiou M, Kalitzeos A, Patterson EJ, Dubra A, Carroll J, Michaelides M (2017) Adaptive optics imaging of inherited retinal diseases. Br J Ophthalmol 15. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311328.
Sun LW, Johnson RD, Langlo CS, Cooper RF, Razeen MM, Russillo MC, Dubra A, Connor TB Jr, Han DP, Pennesi ME, Kay CN, Weinberg DV, Stepien KE, Carroll J (2016) Assessing photoreceptor structure in retinitis pigmentosa and usher syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57(6):2428–2442. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-18246
Ijima H (2012) Correlation between visual sensitivity loss and years affected for eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. Jpn J Ophthalmol 56(3):224–229
Rangaswamy NV, Patel HM, Locke KG, Hood DC, Birch DG (2010) A comparison of visual field sensitivity to photoreceptor thickness in retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(8):4213–4219. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4945
Cursio CA, Sloan KR, Kalina RE, Hendrickson AE (1990) Human photoreceptor topography. J Comp Neurol 292:497–523
Marc RE, Jones BW, Watt CB, Strettoi E (2003) Neural remodeling in retinal degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 22:607–655
Wolsley CJ, Silvestri O’NJ, Saunders KJ, Anderson RS (2009) The association between multifocal electroretinograms and OCT retinal thickness in retinitis pigmentosa patients with good visual acuity. Eye 23:1524–1531
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional guidelines, the national research committee, and the 1964 Helsinki declaration.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ueda-Consolvo, T., Ozaki, H., Nakamura, T. et al. The association between cone density and visual function in the macula of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 257, 1841–1846 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-019-04385-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-019-04385-0