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Hereditary primary lateral sclerosis and progressive nonfluent aphasia

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Abstract

Objective

To report a kindred with an association between hereditary primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and progressive nonfluent aphasia.

Patients and methods

Six members from a kindred with 15 affected individuals spanning three generations, suffered from spasticity without muscle atrophy or fasciculation, starting in the lower limbs and spreading to the upper limbs and bulbar musculature, followed by effortful speech, nonfluent language and dementia, in 5 deceased members. Disease onset was during the sixth decade of life, or later. Cerebellar ataxia was the inaugural manifestation in two patients, and parkinsonism, in another.

Results

Neuropathological examination in two patients demonstrated degeneration of lateral corticospinal tracts in the spinal cord, without loss of spinal, brainstem, or cerebral motor neurons. Greater loss of corticospinal fibers at sacral and lumbar, rather than at cervical or medullary levels was demonstrated, supporting a central axonal dying-back pathogenic mechanism. Marked reduction of myelin and nerve fibers in the frontal lobes was also present. Argyrophilic grain disease and primary age-related tauopathy were found in one case each, and considered incidental findings. Genetic testing, including exome sequencing aimed at PLS, ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and frontotemporal lobe dementia, triplet-repeated primed polymerase chain reaction aimed at dominant spinocerebellar ataxias, and massive sequencing of the human genome, yielded negative results.

Conclusion

A central distal axonopathy affecting the corticospinal tract, exerted a pathogenic role in the dominantly inherited PLS-progressive nonfluent aphasia association, described herein. Further molecular studies are needed to identify the causative mutation in this disease.

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Acknowledgements

Our thanks to Dr. Antonio Oliveros-Juste for remission of patients; Drs. Ana Vela and Jordi Aldomá for MR images; Mr. Juan Ramón Solans, Drs. Ariadna Fernández-Sanz and Jesús Aladrén-Sangrós for help with the videtapes; Mrs. María Jesús Chopo for obtention of DNA samples; Mrs. Teresa Sopeña Biarge and Mrs. Mar González-Cantalejo from the Medical Library of Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, for bibliographical research; and Dr. Jorge Alfaro for assistance in the pathological studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    José Gazulla & Esther Sierra-Martínez

  2. Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL-Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERNED. Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain

    Isidro Ferrer

  3. Section of Genetics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain

    Silvia Izquierdo-Alvarez

  4. NIMGenetics, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain

    Sara Alvarez & Rocío Sánchez-Alcudia

  5. Section of Neurology, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain

    María Bestué-Cardiel & María Seral

  6. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain

    Isabel Benavente

  7. Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, CIBERNED, Santander, Spain

    José Berciano

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Gazulla, J., Ferrer, I., Izquierdo-Alvarez, S. et al. Hereditary primary lateral sclerosis and progressive nonfluent aphasia. J Neurol 266, 1079–1090 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09235-x

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