References
Steinfeld R, Grapp M, Kraetzner R et al (2009) Folate receptor alpha defect causes cerebral folate transport deficiency: a treatable neurodegenerative disorder associated with disturbed myelin metabolism. Am J Hum Genet 85(3):354–363. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.005
Ramaekers V, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV (2013) Clinical recognition and aspects of the cerebral folate deficiency syndromes. Clin Chem Lab Med 51(3):497–511. doi:10.1515/cclm-2012-0543
Serrano M, Perez-Duenas B, Montoya J et al (2012) Genetic causes of cerebral folate deficiency: clinical, biochemical and therapeutic aspects. Drug Discov Today 17(23–24):1299–1306. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2012.07.008
Perez-Duenas B, Ormazabal A, Toma C et al (2011) Cerebral folate deficiency syndromes in childhood: clinical, analytical, and etiologic aspects. Arch Neurol 68(5):615–621. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.80
Steinfeld R (2014) Folate pathway and transport disorders. In: Blau N, Hoffmann GF (eds) Congenital neurotransmitter disorders: a clinical approach. Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, pp 167–187
Grapp M, Just IA, Linnankivi T et al (2012) Molecular characterization of folate receptor 1 mutations delineates cerebral folate transport deficiency. Brain 135(Pt 7):2022–2031. doi:10.1093/brain/aws122
Weitman S, Lark R, Coney L et al (1992) Distribution of the folate receptor GP38 in normal and malignant cell lines and tissues. Cancer Res 15 52(12):3396–3401
Verrotti A, Pascarella R, Trotta D et al (2000) Hyperhomocysteinemia in children treated with sodium valproate and carbamazepine. Epilepsy Res 41(3):253–257
Huemer M, Ausserer B, Graninger G et al (2000) Hyperhomocysteinemia in children treated with antiepileptic drugs is normalized by folic acid supplementation. Epilepsia 46(10):1677–1683. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00264.x
Mangold S, Blau N, Opladen T et al (2011) Cerebral folate deficiency: a neurometabolic syndrome? Mol Genet Metab 104(3):369–372. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.004
Hansen FJ, Blau N (2005) Cerebral folate deficiency: life-changing supplementation with folinic acid. Mol Genet Metab 84(4):371–373. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.12.001
Toelle SP, Wille D, Schmitt B et al (2014) Sensory stimulus-sensitive drop attacks and basal ganglia calcification: new findings in a patient with FOLR1 deficiency. Epileptic Disord 16(1):88–92. doi:10.1684/epd.2014.0629
Cario H, Bode H, Debatin KM et al (2009) Congenital null mutations of the FOLR1 gene: a progressive neurologic disease and its treatment. Neurology 73(24):2127–2129. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c679df
Perez-Duenas B, Toma C, Ormazabal A et al (2010) Progressive ataxia and myoclonic epilepsy in a patient with a homozygous mutation in the FOLR1 gene. J Inherit Metab Dis 33(6):795–802. doi:10.1007/s10545-010-9196-1
Kobayashi Y, Tohyama J, Akiyama T et al (2016) Severe leukoencephalopathy with cortical involvement and peripheral neuropathy due to FOLR1 deficiency. Brain Dev S0387–7604(16):30160–30167. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2016.09.011
Delmelle F, Thöny B, Clapuyt P et al (2016) Neurological improvement following intravenous high-dose folinic acid for cerebral folate transporter deficiency caused by FOLR-1 mutation. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 20(5):709–713. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.05.021
Dill P, Schneider J, Weber P et al (2011) Pyridoxal phosphate-responsive seizures in a patient with cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) and congenital deafness with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia and microdontia (LAMM). Mol Genet Metab 104(3):362–368. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.05.019
Kamen BA, Smith AK (2004) A review of folate receptor alpha cycling and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate accumulation with an emphasis on cell models in vitro. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56(8):1085–1097. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2004.01.002
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical standards
The patient gave informed consent to publish her data.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karin, I., Borggraefe, I., Catarino, C.B. et al. Folinic acid therapy in cerebral folate deficiency: marked improvement in an adult patient. J Neurol 264, 578–582 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8387-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8387-6