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U–Pb geochronology of apatite and zircon from the Brent impact structure, Canada: a Late Ordovician Sandbian–Katian boundary event associated with L-Chondrite parent body disruption

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Abstract

In situ LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology has been performed on apatite and zircon within thermally recrystallized clast-laden and clast-poor impact melt rocks from the Brent impact structure. A total of 377 laser analyses on 120 impact melt-grown (n = 9) and impact-recrystallized zircon grains (n = 111) were obtained, from which a concordia age of 452.8 ± 2.7 Ma (MSWD 0.57, n = 11), and a weighted average mean 206Pb/238U age of 453.2 ± 2.9 Ma (MSWD 0.60) (n = 11) are calculated. A total of 300 laser analyses from 100 relict apatite grains were obtained, with an unanchored regression through all data yielding a lower intercept age of 453.2 ± 6.0 Ma (MSWD 5.8, n = 300), that overlaps within error of zircon. 207Pb/206Pb ratios obtained from feldspar clasts within clast-laden impact melt retain the same initial Pb composition as the target rocks from which they are derived, while feldspars that crystallized from impact melt have 207Pb/206Pb ratios indicative of isotopic re-equilibration between basement lithologies of two different ages. A similar variability in 207Pb/206Pb is recorded by apatite. This provides evidence for the involvement of Neoproterozoic Lake Nipissing alkaline suite, as well as Mesoproterozoic Grenville gneisses in the production of impact melt at Brent. Recrystallized apatite grains exhibit enrichments in light rare earth elements (LREEs) along neoblast grain boundaries, indicative of trace element substitution and phase precipitation during impact-induced recrystallization. An age of 452.8 ± 2.7 Ma from zircon and 453.2 ± 6.0 Ma from apatite places the impact event in the Late Ordovician, at or near the Sandbian–Katian boundary, confirming Brent’s involvement in the Middle to Late Ordovician crater cluster event—a period of enhanced impactor flux to Earth related to the L-Chondrite parent body disruption.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) grants to McFarlane and Spray. We thank Brandon Boucher for assistance in the Laser Ablation lab at UNB and Tom Cole for providing the topographic data. An earlier version of this work was improved by thoughtful and constructive reviews from James Darling, an anonymous reviewer, and Editor Daniela Rubatto. Planetary and Space Science Centre contribution 160.

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McGregor, M., Dence, M.R., McFarlane, C.R.M. et al. U–Pb geochronology of apatite and zircon from the Brent impact structure, Canada: a Late Ordovician Sandbian–Katian boundary event associated with L-Chondrite parent body disruption. Contrib Mineral Petrol 175, 63 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01699-9

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