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Complex segregation analysis of facial melasma in Brazil: evidence for a genetic susceptibility with a dominant pattern of segregation

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Abstract

Despite high prevalence, the etiopathology of melasma is not fully understood. Nevertheless, many factors have been associated with the disease, including: sun exposure, sex steroids hormones, drugs, stress, and pregnancy. The high occurrence within familiars (40–60%) suggests a genetic predisposition to the disease. This study explored, through complex segregation analysis (CSA), the inheritance model that best fit the family segregation pattern of facial melasma when accounting for the main epidemiological risk factors. We evaluated 686 subjects from 67 families, and 260 (38%) of them had facial melasma. The CSA model, adjusted for age, skin phototype, sex, sun exposure at work, hormonal oral contraceptive, and pregnancy, evidenced a genetic component that was best fitted to a dominant pattern of segregation. Melasma results from an interaction between exposure factors (e.g. pregnancy, hormones, and sun exposure) over genetically predisposed individuals.

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Abbreviations

UNESP:

Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

HOC:

Hormonal oral contraception

CSA:

Complex segregation analysis

OR:

Odds ratio

IC 95%:

95% confidence interval

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Funding

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, SN, FMB-Unesp, Campus de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-000, Brazil

    Nicole França Holmo, Luciane Donida Bartoli Miot & Hélio Amante Miot

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Geovana Brotto Ramos, Heloisa Salomão & Marcelo Távora Mira

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Renata Iani Werneck

Authors
  1. Nicole França Holmo
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  2. Geovana Brotto Ramos
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  3. Heloisa Salomão
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  4. Renata Iani Werneck
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  5. Marcelo Távora Mira
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  6. Luciane Donida Bartoli Miot
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  7. Hélio Amante Miot
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Contributions

Study design: HAM, NFH, LDB, MM. Data collection and tabulation: HAM, NFH, LDB. Data analysis: HAM, MM, RIW. CSA analysis: GBR, HS, MM, RIW. Paper writing: HAM, NFH, LDB, MM. Final revision and text approval: all authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hélio Amante Miot.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This project was approved by the Unesp medical School Review Board (No. 476.936).

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Holmo, N.F., Ramos, G.B., Salomão, H. et al. Complex segregation analysis of facial melasma in Brazil: evidence for a genetic susceptibility with a dominant pattern of segregation. Arch Dermatol Res 310, 827–831 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-018-1861-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-018-1861-5

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