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Synkope bei hypertropher (obstruktiver) Kardiomyopathie

Syncope in hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy

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Zusammenfassung

Die hypertrophe Kardiomyopathie ist die häufigste genetisch bedingte kardiale Erkrankung. Wesentliches pathophysiologisches Zeichen bei ca. 70 % der betroffenen Patienten ist eine dynamische (Ausflussbahn‑)Obstruktion des linken Ventrikels. Insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko eines plötzlichen Herztodes. Synkopen und Präsynkopen sind neben einer z. T. extrem variablen kardialen Symptomatik (Dyspnoe und Angina pectoris) ein häufig auftretendes Phänomen. Die Ätiologie der Synkopen ist vielschichtig. Ihre Diagnostik besteht in erster Linie in einer intensiven Anamneseerhebung zu den Begleitumständen der Synkope. Prinzipiell muss versucht werden, zwischen rhythmogenen und hämodynamischen Ursachen zu unterscheiden. Die diagnostischen Maßnahmen sollten unter den Gesichtspunkten einer möglichen prognostischen – mit Implantation eines ICD bei erhöhtem Risiko eines plötzlichen Herztodes – und symptomatischen Therapie durchgeführt werden. Für die symptomatische Behandlung stehen bei unzureichendem Erfolg der medikamentösen Therapie mittels Betablockern und/oder Verapamil in Abhängigkeit von der zugrundeliegenden Morphologie und der Erfahrung des Operateurs die perkutane Septumablation und die operative Myektomie als sich ergänzende Maßnahmen zur Verfügung.

Abstract

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiac disease. The most important pathophysiological finding is dynamic (outflow tract) obstruction of the left ventricle in about 70% of affected patients. Especially in younger patients, an increased risk of sudden cardiac death has been observed. Syncope and presyncope—in addition to extremely variable cardiac symptoms (dyspnea and angina)—are common. The etiology of syncope is complex. The most important aspect for diagnosis is a detailed history regarding the accompanying circumstances of the syncope. In principle, an attempt must be made to distinguish between rhythmogenic and hemodynamic causes. Diagnostic work-up should be performed under the criteria of a possible prognostic—with implantation of an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) in patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death—and symptomatic therapy. Depending on the underlying morphology and the experience of the surgeon, percutaneous septal ablation and operative myectomy are complementary options for symptomatic treatment if medical therapy with beta-blockers and/or verapamil is inadequate.

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Correspondence to Hubert Seggewiß.

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H. Seggewiß, A. Koljaja-Batzner, K. Seggewiß und M. Meesmann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Seggewiß, H., Koljaja-Batzner, A., Seggewiß, K. et al. Synkope bei hypertropher (obstruktiver) Kardiomyopathie. Herzschr Elektrophys 29, 178–182 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-018-0567-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-018-0567-x

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