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Chirurgische Entnahmetechnik der A. thoracica interna

Ein „blue chip“ der Herzchirurgie

Surgical harvesting technique of the internal thoracic artery

A “blue chip” of cardiac surgery

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Zeitschrift für Herz-,Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der Gebrauch einer oder beider Brustwandarterien (A. thoracica interna, „internal thoracic artery“ [ITA] oder A. mammaria interna, „internal mammary artery“ [IMA]) als Graft ist ein prognostisch entscheidender Faktor in der modernen chirurgischen Koronarrevaskularisierung. Sowohl die langfristige Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit der Patienten als auch die langfristige Durchgängigkeit der Grafts sind ohne Zweifel besser, wenn die ITA eingesetzt werden.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Übersicht soll dem besseren Verständnis der verschiedenen Entnahmetechniken der ITA und deren kritischer Beurteilung dienen.

Material und Methoden

Literaturübersicht, eigenes und öffentlich verfügbares Videomaterial.

Diskussion

Die ITA werden entweder als Pedikel oder skeletiert entnommen. Beide Techniken haben Vor- und Nachteile; es besteht keine solide Evidenz darüber, ob sich im Langzeitverlauf die unterschiedlich entnommenen ITA unterscheiden. Im Kurzzeitverlauf, und insbesondere in Bezug auf die gefürchteten Wundheilungsstörungen der Sternotomie bzw. der Mediastinitis, scheint die skeletierte Technik von Vorteil zu sein. In jedem Fall und speziell im Hinblick auf die Validität weniger invasive Zugänge ist der Einsatz der ITA ein unverzichtbares Kernelement der chirurgischen Koronarrevaskularisierung.

Abstract

Background

The use of one or both internal thoracic or mammary arteries (ITA, IMA) as grafts is a prognostically significant factor in modern surgical coronary revascularization. Long-term patient survival, as well as long-term graft patency are without doubt better when ITAs are utilized.

Aim of the review

The purpose of this review is to deepen the understanding and enhance critical evaluation of all technical aspects of the surgical harvesting of ITAs.

Material and methods

Review of the relevant literature, own and publicly available surgical video material.

Discussion

There are two major techniques used for harvesting of the ITA: preparation as a pedicle or as a skeletonized artery. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. There is no solid evidence indicating a difference in long-term patency between the different methods for isolation of ITAs. In the short term and especially regarding dreaded sternal infections and/or mediastinitis, the skeletonized technique seems to be advantageous (especially in diabetic patients). In any case and especially regarding the less invasive approach, the use of the ITA is an indispensable element and the fulcrum of contemporary surgical coronary revascularization.

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Danksagung

Herrn Dr. Riccardo Bonato wird für seine Unterstützung bei der Erstellung dieser Arbeit ausdrücklich gedankt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung Herzchirurgie, Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Schweiz

    S. Demertzis

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  1. S. Demertzis
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Correspondence to S. Demertzis.

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S. Demertzis gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine vom Autor durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Caption Electronic Supplementary Material

Video 1 Demonstration der skeletierten LITA-Präparation durch eine anterolaterale Minithorakotomie

Video 2 Robotisch-assistierte, skeletierte LITA-Präparation (Da Vinci Si, Fa. Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California, USA) bei geschlossenem Thorax

Video 3 Skeletierung der ITA (mediane Sternotomie)

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Demertzis, S. Chirurgische Entnahmetechnik der A. thoracica interna. Z Herz- Thorax- Gefäßchir 32, 168–174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00398-018-0209-y

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