|
DRF
|
Northern Africa
|
Mediterranean Sea
|
Europe
|
|---|
|
SW down surface
|
−20.7 ± 0.0
|
−9.8 ± 0.0
|
−16.2 ± 0.0
|
−8.9 ± 0.1
|
−11.7 ± 0.2
|
−4.9 ± 0.0
|
|
−25.7 ± 0.1
|
−21.1 ± 0.2
|
−15.2 ± 0.2
|
|
−34.9 ± 0.1
|
−22.3 ± 0.1
|
−18.5 ± 0.4
|
|
−12.6 ± 0.1
|
−12.6 ± 0.1
|
−8.3 ± 0.2
|
|
LW down surface
|
−0.2 ± 0.1
|
−0.4 ± 0.0
|
−1.8 ± 0.1
|
−1.1 ± 0.1
|
−1.2 ± 0.0
|
−0.8 ± 0.1
|
|
0.1 ± 0.1
|
−1.5 ± 0.1
|
−1.7 ± 0.1
|
|
0.6 ± 0.1
|
−2.3 ± 0.2
|
−1.4 ± 0.0
|
|
−0.9 ± 0.1
|
−2.5 ± 0.1
|
−0.9 ± 0.1
|
|
SW up surface (loss)
|
−5.9 ± 0.0
|
−2.8 ± 0.0
|
−1.1 ± 0.0
|
−0.6 ± 0.0
|
−2.0 ± 0.0
|
−1.0 ± 0.0
|
|
−7.4 ± 0.0
|
−1.4 ± 0.0
|
−2.5 ± 0.0
|
|
−10.0 ± 0.0
|
−1.5 ± 0.0
|
−3.1 ± 0.1
|
|
−3.6 ± 0.0
|
−0.8 ± 0.0
|
−1.4 ± 0.0
|
|
LW up surface (loss)
|
−5.0 ± 0.1
|
−3.2 ± 0.0
|
−2.9 ± 0.0
|
−2.0 ± 0.1
|
−2.4 ± 0.1
|
−1.3 ± 0.0
|
|
−5.8 ± 0.0
|
−2.8 ± 0.0
|
−2.8 ± 0.1
|
|
−7.0 ± 0.1
|
−3.6 ± 0.1
|
−3.3 ± 0.3
|
|
−4.1 ± 0.1
|
−3.1 ± 0.1
|
−2.2 ± 0.1
|
|
Latent heat (loss)
|
−1.4 ± 0.0
|
−0.5 ± 0.0
|
−11.0 ± 0.1
|
−8.8 ± 0.2
|
−3.9 ± 0.1
|
−1.5 ± 0.0
|
|
−1.4 ± 0.0
|
−8.1 ± 0.1
|
−6.9 ± 0.1
|
|
−2.6 ± 0.0
|
−13.6 ± 0.0
|
−5.0 ± 0.4
|
|
−1.1 ± 0.1
|
−13.5 ± 0.2
|
−2.2 ± 0.1
|
|
Sensible heat (loss)
|
−8.5 ± 0.0
|
−3.6 ± 0.0
|
−1.7 ± 0.0
|
−1.7 ± 0.0
|
−4.7 ± 0.1
|
−1.4 ± 0.0
|
|
−10.8 ± 0.0
|
−1.7 ± 0.0
|
−5.1 ± 0.1
|
|
−14.6 ± 0.0
|
−1.7 ± 0.0
|
−8.7 ± 0.5
|
|
−5.0 ± 0.0
|
−1.7 ± 0.1
|
−3.4 ± 0.1
|
|
Total heat budget
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
−1.5 ± 0.1
|
3.1 ± 0.0
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
−0.5 ± 0.0
|
|
−0.2 ± 0.0
|
−8.5 ± 0.2
|
0.4 ± 0.0
|
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
−4.4 ± 0.1
|
0.1 ± 0.0
|
|
0.2 ± 0.0
|
4.0 ± 0.3
|
0.1 ± 0.0
|
- Parameters are the downward and upward SW and LW radiations at the surface as well as the latent and sensible heat losses. All fluxes are counted positively, and total = \(\hbox {SW}_d + \hbox {LW}_d -\hbox {SW}_u - \hbox {LW}_u - \hbox {latent}_{\mathrm{loss}} - \hbox {sensible}_{\mathrm{loss}}\). Seasonal averages (DJF / MAM / JJA / SON) are indicated on the right column of each cell for the same regions and parameters. The confidence interval at the level 0.05 is indicated (calculated from the ensemble spread)