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A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of congenital scoliosis

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Abstract

Purpose

To provide the reader with a comprehensive but concise understanding of congenital scoliosis

Methods

We have undertaken to summarize available literature on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management of congenital scoliosis.

Results

Congenital scoliosis represents 10% of pediatric spine deformity and is a developmental error in segmentation, formation, or a combination of both leading to curvature of the spine. Treatment options are complicated by balancing growth potential with curve severity. Often associated abnormalities of cardiac, genitourinary, or intraspinal systems are concurrent and should be evaluated as part of the diagnostic work-up. Management balances the risk of progression, growth potential, lung development/function, and associated risks. Surgical treatment options involve growth-permitting systems or fusions.

Conclusion

Congenital scoliosis is a complex spinal problem associated with many other anomalous findings. Treatment options are diverse but enable optimization of management and care of these children.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the assistance of Carolyn Hendrix and Brian O’Doherty in the preparation of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center and Floating Hospital for Children, 800 Washington St, Boston, 02111, MA, USA

    Charles E. Mackel

  2. Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Box 99, 525 E 68th St, New York, 10065, NY, USA

    Ajit Jada & Ali A. Baaj

  3. Shriners Hospitals for Children-Philadelphia, 3551 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA

    Amer F. Samdani & Steven W. Hwang

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA

    James H. Stephen

  5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, 19140, PA, USA

    James T. Bennett

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CEM: Nothing to disclose

AJ: Nothing to disclose

AFS: Consultant: DePuy Synthes Spine, Ethicon, Globus Medical, NuVasive, Stryker, Zimmer Biomet. Royalties: NuVasive, Zimmer Biomet. Executive Committee: Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation and Children’s Spine Study Group

JHS: Nothing to disclose

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AAB: Royalties Thieme Medical Publishers, honoraria AO Spine

SWH: Speakers bureau: NuVasive. Consultant: NuVasive. Consultant: Auctus. Stocks/options: Auctus. Speakers bureau: Zimmer Biomet

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Mackel, C.E., Jada, A., Samdani, A.F. et al. A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of congenital scoliosis. Childs Nerv Syst 34, 2155–2171 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-018-3915-6

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