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Influence of Low-frequency Solar Forcing on the East Asian Winter Monsoon Based on HadCM3 and Observations

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Abstract

In this study, we investigate the influence of low-frequency solar forcing on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) by analyzing a four-member ensemble of 600-year simulations performed with HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3). We find that the EAWM is strengthened when total solar irradiance (TSI) increases on the multidecadal time scale. The model results indicate that positive TSI anomalies can result in the weakening of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, causing negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Atlantic. Especially for the subtropical North Atlantic, the negative SST anomalies can excite an anomalous Rossby wave train that moves from the subtropical North Atlantic to the Greenland Sea and finally to Siberia. In this process, the positive sea-ice feedback over the Greenland Sea further enhances the Rossby wave. The wave train can reach the Siberian region, and strengthen the Siberian high. As a result, low-level East Asian winter circulation is strengthened and the surface air temperature in East Asia decreases. Overall, when solar forcing is stronger on the multidecadal time scale, the EAWM is typically stronger than normal. Finally, a similar linkage can be observed between the EAWM and solar forcing during the period 1850–1970.

摘要

为了研究太阳活动低频信号对东亚冬季风的影响, 本文分析了耦合模式HadCM3的4组太阳强迫长期数值模拟试验结果. 我们发现, 在多年代际时间尺度上, 当太阳辐照度增加时东亚冬季风显著增强. 模式结果表明, 太阳辐照度正异常会导致大西洋经圈翻转环流减弱, 从而导致北大西洋出现负的海表温度异常. 北大西洋副热带区域的负海表温度异常激发出异常的Rossby波波列, 此波列向北传至格林兰海, 而后向西传播至西伯利亚区域. 在波列传播过程中, 格林兰海区域海冰变化使得Rossby波信号增强. 在Rossby波波列的作用下, 西伯利亚地区中低层大气辐合加强, 进而导致西伯利亚高压及东亚低层季风环流增强, 东亚地表气温显著降低. 类似的现象在部分观测资料中也存在.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41575086 and 41661144005), and the CAS–PKU (Chinese Academy of Sciences–Peking University) Joint Research Program.

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Correspondence to Tao Wang.

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Miao, J., Wang, T., Wang, H. et al. Influence of Low-frequency Solar Forcing on the East Asian Winter Monsoon Based on HadCM3 and Observations. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 35, 1205–1215 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-7229-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-7229-0

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