Skip to main content
Log in

Laser-pulse interferometry applied to high-pressure fluid flow in micro channels

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The miniaturization of hydraulic systems together with ever increasing static and dynamic fluid pressure as is happening in fuel injection systems leads to complex flow effects with very high local and temporal pressure gradients. System optimization for hydraulic efficiency, components durability or spray formation quality needs the understanding of relevant flow properties. Fluid flow simulation models support such understanding, but with the complex nature of flow conditions, they are in need for precise and comprehensive verification and validation data. This work reports on measurement methods and analysis results for local fluid density and pressure measurements under overall stationary, highly turbulent and cavitating flow conditions in planar, optically accessed, model flow experiments. Laser-pulsed interferometry is applied for the measurement of fluid density fields under high spatial (∼3 μm) and temporal (∼5 ns) resolution. Interferometric imaging and image evaluation techniques provide ensemble mean pressure field data, local pressure fluctuation and differential pressure data. This yields information about local flow features such as flow vortex generation frequency, spatial size and shape of vortices and local pressure distribution inside of vortex structures. Features of bubble collapse process and corresponding pressure shock waves have been observed. The analysis method is applied to a forward-facing step and a target flow geometry. Experimental method, evaluation procedures and results are presented in this paper.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The software has been developed at AVL List GmbH Graz, Austria.

  2. Kelvin-Helmholtz-instability, which is independent of the fluid viscosity.

  3. Bernoulli equation: \(p+\frac{\rho}{2} v^2={\rm const}\), internal energy is assumed to be constant.

  4. It is assumed that the fluid cannot adjust tensile strength.

References

  • Belahadji B, Franc JP, Michel JM (1995) Cavitation in the rotational structures of a turbulent wake. J Fluid Mech 287:283–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Born M, Wolf E (1999) Principles of optics, 7th edn. University Press, Cambridge, p 952

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehman A, Alam M, Song J, Acharya R, Szybist J, Zello V (2003) Fuel formulation effects on diesel fuel injection, combustion, emissions and emission control, 2003 diesel engine emissions reduction conference, Newport

  • Budwig R (1994) Refractive index matching methods for liquid flow investigations. Exp Fluids 17:350–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brennen CE (1995) Cavitation and bubble dynamics. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier RJ, Burckhardt C and Lin LH (1971) Optical holography. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Franc J-P (2009) Cavitation erosion: towards a new approach, 7th international symposium on cavitation

  • Goodman J (1968) Introduction to fourier optics. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hipp M, Reiterer P (2003) User Manual for IDEA 1.7, Technische Universität Graz, http://www.optics.tu-graz.ac.at/idea/Manual_IDEAv17.pdf

  • Hipp M and Reiterer P (2003) Software for interferometrical data evaluation, Technische Universität Graz, http://www.optics.tu-graz.ac.at/idea

  • Hipp M, Reiter P, Woisetschläger J, Philipp H, Pretzler G, Fließer W, Neger T (2002) Interferometric fringe evaluation procedures and algorithms subsumed in free software package IDEA, Beitrag im Abstracts-Band im Rahmen wissenschaftlicher Kongresse

  • Hipp M, Woisetschlaeger J, Reiterer P, Neger T (2004) Digital evaluation of interferograms. Measurement 36:53–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iben U, Morozov A (2008) Experimental analysis and simulation of cavitating throttle flow, HEFAT 2008, 6th international conference on heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics

  • Koivula T (2000) On cavitation in fluid power, Proceedings of 1st FPNI-PhD symposium, Hamburg, pp 371–382

  • Lui S, Li S, Zhang L, Wu Y (2008) A mixture model with modified mass transfer expression for cavitating turbulent flow simulation. Eng Comput 25:290–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrovsky YI, Butusov MM, Ostrovskaya GV (1980) Interferometry by holography. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Vest CM (1979) Holographic interferometry. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Winklhofer E, Kull E, Kelz E, Morozov A (2001) Comprehensive hydraulic and flow field documentation in model throttle experiments under cavitation conditions, ILASS, Europe, pp 629–634

  • Woisetschlaeger J, Pretzler G, Jericha H, Mayrhofer N, Pirker HP (1998) Differential interferometry with adjustable spatial carrier fringes for turbine blade cascade flow investigations. Exp Fluids 24:102–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to U. Iben.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Iben, U., Morozov, A., Winklhofer, E. et al. Laser-pulse interferometry applied to high-pressure fluid flow in micro channels. Exp Fluids 50, 597–611 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0950-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0950-9

Keywords

Navigation