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Ethylene and Polyamines in Counteracting Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity: A Crosstalk Perspective

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Abstract

The increasing trend of addition of heavy metals (HMs) to agricultural lands has increased toxicities in plants leading to significant declines in crop productivity. HM toxicity includes alterations in physiological processes, metabolic activities and overall growth and development of plants. The stimulation of oxidative stress is among the common concerns of toxicity in plants at the cellular level. Plant growth hormones/growth regulators have been key signalling molecules in delivering responses to HMs. The important phytohormones, ethylene and polyamines (PAs), play significant roles in the regulation of various developmental processes and signalling networks in plants. Notably, ethylene and PAs are also involved directly or indirectly in a widespread range of abiotic stress responses and tolerance/adaptation. As ethylene and PA biosynthesis involves a common precursor, S-adenosylmethionine, the interplay between ethylene and PAs is suggested in responses of plants to HM stress. The present work emphasizes the roles of these two phytohormones in signalling and regulation of HMs stress in plants based on the recent available reports. This work (a) overviews biosynthesis and signalling of ethylene and PAs; (b) critically appraises the functions of ethylene and PA, and the role of their promoters in HM-exposed plants; and (c) discusses crosstalk on the major mechanisms potentially governing ethylene and PA for plant HM-tolerance/adaptation. HMs in the appraised herein literature exhibited a differential modulation of PAs and ethylene biosynthetic pathways. In particular, the synergism between the PA and ethylene biosynthesis components could be helpful for plants in improving the ratio of root to shoot, increasing water (nutrients) uptake, modulating major signalling compounds, and thereby maintaining optimum cellular metabolism under HM stress.

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Acknowledgements

MA is thankful to SERB (PDF/2016/000591), New Delhi, India in the form of National Post-doctoral Fellowship (N-PDF). The research facility in the laboratory of NAK is available under the DBT-BUILDER programme (No. BT/PR4872/INF/22/150/2012) of Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Conservation and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185234, India

    Mohd Asgher & Susheel Verma

  2. Systems Physiology, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines

    M. Iqbal R. Khan

  3. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Naser A. Anjum, Asim Masood & Nafees A. Khan

  4. Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India

    Dhiraj Vyas

  5. Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Doda, Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, 182202, India

    Tasir S. Per

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  1. Mohd Asgher
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Asgher, M., Khan, M.I.R., Anjum, N.A. et al. Ethylene and Polyamines in Counteracting Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity: A Crosstalk Perspective. J Plant Growth Regul 37, 1050–1065 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-018-9823-x

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