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Who is the “murderer” of the bloom in coastal waters of Fujian, China, in 2019?

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Abstract

On May 24–29, 2019, a bloom occurring in Pingtan coastal areas of Fujian Province caused mass mortality of cage-cultured fish (Plectorhinchus cinctus and Pagrosomus major). During the bloom, two major causative organisms were present: Prorocentrum donghaiense (at a concentration of 1.46×107 cells/L) and an unknown naked dinoflagellate (4.58×106 cells/L). The naked dinoflagellate was isolated and cultured in this study, and its morphological features were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The large subunit (LSU) of the rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the naked dinoflagellate were also sequenced for field bloom samples and lab culture strains (PT-A and PT-B). On the basis of its morphological characteristics and molecular sequences, the unknown naked dinoflagellate was identified as Karlodinium digitatum. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the Karl. digitatum was most closely related to Karlodinium australe and Karlodinium armiger, and the three species clustered into a single clade of Karlodinium with bootstrap/posterior probability values of 95%/0.99 and 86%/0.99 inferred from LSU and ITS sequences, respectively. Karl. digitatum was first reported as Karenia digitata, a new harmful algal species bloomed in Hong Kong, China, in 1998. In present study, we gave a detailed morphological and phylogenetic description of Karl. digitatum and submitted the molecular sequences of this species to GenBank for the first time.

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Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgment

Special appreciation is expressed to Prof. Moestrup of the University of Copenhagen for helpful discussions regarding the species identification. We also sincerely thank Dr. ZHEN Yu of the Ocean University of China for his assistance with the molecular data analysis.

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Author notes

  1. CEN Jingyi and WANG Jianyan contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Jingyi Cen, Lifen Huang, Yuzao Qi, Rongbo Cao, Lei Cui & Songhui Lü

  2. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Jingyi Cen, Lifen Huang, Rongbo Cao, Lei Cui & Songhui Lü

  3. Department of Science Research, Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing, 100050, China

    Jianyan Wang

  4. Fujian Fishery Resources Monitoring Center, Fuzhou, 350003, China

    Guangmao Ding

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  1. Jingyi Cen
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  2. Jianyan Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Songhui Lü.

Additional information

Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC1404301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41606175), and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 8194059)

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Cen, J., Wang, J., Huang, L. et al. Who is the “murderer” of the bloom in coastal waters of Fujian, China, in 2019?. J. Ocean. Limnol. 38, 722–732 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-9178-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-9178-6

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