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Short-term dynamics of nutrients, planktonic abundances, and microbial respiratory activity in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway)

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Abstract

Atlantification of Arctic ocean is causing a sharp increase in temperature and salinity around Svalbard Islands and in Kongsfjorden. Such phenomenon and the input of sediment-rich glacial meltwater influence salinity, water column turbidity, and light penetration with ecological implications on the microbial features. With the aim to address the temporal variability of the microbial assemblage in relation to environmental variables, a 7-day study was carried out in Kongsfjorden, in late summer 2013. Abiotic (temperature, salinity, nutrients, total suspended matter, particulate inorganic, and organic carbon) and biotic (phyto -, picophyto-, bacterio-, and virioplankton abundance and microbial respiration) parameters were investigated at a station in the inner fjord area, ca. 8.5 km away from the glacier front. Phyto-, picophyto-, and virioplankton showed low abundance. Dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids dominated the phytoplankton community while Synechococcus sp. the picophytoplankton alone, in relation with Atlantic water. Low virus to bacteria ratios were detected, presumably linked to the high sedimentation rates. Interesting variability for picophytoplankton with depth, virioplankton with both time and depth, and respiratory rates with time were found. Moreover, the organic matter turnover was slower on the first sampling day compared to that of the following days. Planktonic abundance depended on the variability of both hydrology (seawater mass inflow) and freshwater runoff from the glacier (relative turbidity degree). Differently, the metabolic rates of respiration appeared to be linked with the particulate carbon pool. Over 1-week study, the diverse microbial dynamics appeared to be conditioned on complex forcing, emphasizing the importance of high-resolution experiment.

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Material described in the manuscript, including all relevant raw data, will be freely available to any researcher wishing to use them for non-commercial purposes.

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Acknowledgements

We want to thank the Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their substantial suggestions. Many thanks to Dr. Mariarosa Maimone for friendly revising the English language.

Funding

This work was supported by ARCA project (ARtico: cambiamento Climatico Attuale ed eventi estremi del passato) of DSSTTA (Dipartimento Scienze del Sistema Terra e Tecnologie per l’Ambiente) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and by Short-Term Mobility of CNR, AMMCNT prot. N. 0061011 of 14/09/2016. A. S. Cabral was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Council, Institute of Polar Sciences, Spianata San Raineri, 98122, Messina, Italy

    M. Azzaro, G. Maimone, F. Decembrini, A. Cosenza, F. Azzaro, A. C. Rappazzo & R. La Ferla

  2. National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Forte Santa Teresa Pozzuolo Di Lerici, 19032, La Spezia, Italy

    S. Aliani

  3. National Research Council, Institute of Water Researches, Via Roma, 74121, Taranto, Italy

    C. Caroppo

  4. National Research Council, Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Gobetti, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    F. Giglio, L. Langone & S. Miserocchi

  5. National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, Spianata San Raineri, 98122, Messina, Italy

    M. Mancuso

  6. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    A. S. Cabral

  7. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Biology,, Av. Prof. Rodolpho Rocco 211, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    A. S. Cabral & R. Paranhos

Authors
  1. M. Azzaro
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  2. S. Aliani
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  3. G. Maimone
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  4. F. Decembrini
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  5. C. Caroppo
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  6. F. Giglio
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  7. L. Langone
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  8. S. Miserocchi
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  9. A. Cosenza
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  10. F. Azzaro
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  11. A. C. Rappazzo
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  12. A. S. Cabral
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  13. R. Paranhos
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  14. M. Mancuso
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  15. R. La Ferla
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Contributions

AM conceived and designed research; AM and MG wrote the manuscript; AM, AS, GF, and MS conducted field work and data analyses; MG, DF, CC, and CAS performed lab experiments and data analyses, LL, PR, and LR revised and improved the manuscript; CA performed statistics; RAC, AF, and MM performed lab experiments.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Azzaro.

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Azzaro, M., Aliani, S., Maimone, G. et al. Short-term dynamics of nutrients, planktonic abundances, and microbial respiratory activity in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway). Polar Biol 44, 361–378 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02798-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02798-w

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