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Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia: a rare childhood disease

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Abstract

Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) is a genetic bone disorder characterised by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage that leads to pain, stiffness and joint enlargement. As PPRD is a rare disease, available literature is mainly represented by single case reports and only a few larger case series. Our aim is to review the literature concerning clinical, laboratory and radiological features of PPRD. PPRD is due to a mutation in Wnt1-inducible signalling protein 3 (WISP3) gene, which encodes a signalling factor involved in cartilage homeostasis. The disease onset in childhood and skeletal changes progresses over time leading to significant disability. PPRD is a rare condition that should be suspected if a child develops symmetrical polyarticular involvement without systemic inflammation, knobbly interphalangeal joints of the hands, and gait abnormalities. A full skeletal survey, or at least a lateral radiograph of the spine, can direct towards a correct diagnosis that can be confirmed molecularly. More than 70 WISP3 mutations have so far been reported. Genetic testing should start with the study of genomic DNA extracted from blood leucocytes, but intronic mutations in WISP3 causing splicing aberrations can only be detected by analysing WISP3 mRNA, which can be extracted from cultured skin fibroblasts. A skin biopsy is, therefore, indicated in patients with typical PPRD findings and negative mutation screening of genomic DNA.

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  1. Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy

    Sofia Torreggiani, Marta Torcoletti, Francesco Baldo, Carlo Agostoni & Giovanni Filocamo

  2. Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Belinda Campos-Xavier & Andrea Superti-Furga

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  1. Sofia Torreggiani
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ST and GF were involved in the conceptualization, planning and execution of this review. All authors contributed to data synthesis and interpretation, simultaneous draft review and the final version of the manuscript.

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Torreggiani, S., Torcoletti, M., Campos-Xavier, B. et al. Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia: a rare childhood disease. Rheumatol Int 39, 441–452 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-018-4170-6

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