Abstract
A new series of poly(aniline-co-benzidine)/bentonite microcomposites have been fabricated by fivefold molar amounts of aniline to benzidine through utilizing various bentonite quantities by in situ copolymerization. The obtained outcomes have been justified using spectral and thermal characteristics analyses. Furthermore, the copolymer microcomposites morphology has been investigated utilizing SEM and TEM. XRD of the pristine material and microcomposites revealed that they are polycrystalline in their nature.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Spinks GM, Innis PC, Lewis TW, Kane-Maguire LAP, Wallace GG (2000) Current state and future directions of research and development in conducting polymers. Mater Forum 24:125
Wang L, Wang F (1990) On the iodine-doping of polyaniline and poly-ortho-methylaniline. Appl Chem 7:1
McCullough LA, Oufour B, Tang C, Zhang R, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K (2007) Templating conducting polymers via self-assembly of block copolymers and supramolecular recognition. Macromolecules 40:7745
Huang J, Kaner RB (2004) A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers. J Am Chem Soc 126:851
Bilici A, Geçibesler IH, Çogal Y, Kaya I (2017) Biocatalytic synthesis of a novel polyaniline derivative and its usage for polypropylene stabilization. Ind Eng Chem Res 56(33):9266–9274
Li X, Huang M, Duan W, Yang Y-L (2002) Novel multifunctional polymers from aromatic diamines by oxidative polymerizations. Chem Rev 102:2925
D’Eramo F, Zon MA, Fernandez H, Sereno LE, Arevalo AH (2008) Studies of a novel conducting polymer by cyclic and square wave voltammetries: its synthesis and characterization. Electrochim Acta 53:7182
Kumar MN, Nagabhooshanam M, Anand Rao M, Bhagvanth Rao M (2001) Preparation and characterization of doped polybenzidine. Cryst Res Technol 36:309
Ekinci E, Ozden M, Turkdemir MH, Karagözler E (1998) Preparation and properties of polybenzidine film‐coated electrode as an H2O2 selective polymeric material. J Appl Polym Sci 70:2227
D’Eramo F, Arevalo AH, Silber JJ, Sereno L (1995) Preparation and electrochemical behavior of conducting films obtained by electropolymerization of benzidine in aqueous media. J Electroanal Chem 382:85
D’Eramo F, Silber JJ, Arevalo AH, Sereno L (2000) Electrochemical detection of silver ions and the study of metal–polymer interactions on a polybenzidine film electrode. J Electroanal Chem 494:60
Posadas D, Rodriguez Presa MJ, Florit MI (2001) Apparent formal redox potential distribution in electroactive arylamine-derived polymers. Electrochim Acta 46:4075
Hmadeh M, Traboulsi H, Elhabiri M (2008) Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of benzidine-based compounds. Tetrahedron 64:6522
Muslim A, Awut T, Jamal R (2005) J. Xinjiang Univ. Nat Sci Ed 22:383
Muslim A, Awut T, Jamal R (2006) The enfulunce of different doping acids to polybenzidine synthesised by faclal methed. Chin J Funct Mater 37:1646
Muslim A, Huxur Halmurat Y (2011) Effects of monomer concentration on the structure and properties of polybenzidine micro rods. Chin J Finechem 28:954
Pavlidou S, Papaspyrides CD (2008) A review on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 32:1119–1198
Ray SS (2010) A new possibility for microstructural investigation of clay-based polymer nanocomposite by focused ion beam tomography. Polymer 51:3966–3970
Al-Hussaini AS, Eldars W (2016) Cheap synthesis, characterization and antibacterial efficacy of new copoly(o-nitroaniline-co-o-phenylenediamine) emeraldine base/bentonite composites. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 26(3):691–701
Al-Hussaini AS, Elias AM, Abd El-Ghaffar MA (2017) New poly(aniline-co-o-phenylenediamine)/kaolinite microcomposites for water decontamination. J Polym Environ 25:35–45
Al-Hussaini AS (2017) Novel benzidine and o-phenylenediamine copolymer-matrix microcomposites. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-017-0777-4
Al-Hussaini AS (2015) Modified non-conventional synthesis of new terpoly (aniline, o-anthranilic acid and o-phenylenediamine)/bentonite composites. Polym Plast Technol Eng 54:61–67
Al-Hussaini AS, Eltabie KR, Rashad MEE (2016) One-pot modern fabrication and characterization of TiO2@terpoly (aniline, anthranilic acid and o-phenylenediamine) core-shell nanocomposites via polycondensation. Polymer 101:328–337
Al-Hussaini AS (2016) New polymeric based materials: terpoly(aniline, diphenyl amine, and o-anthranilic acid)/kaolinite composites. Polym Adv Technol 27:1604–1608
Al-Hussaini AS, Eldars W (2014) Non-conventional synthesis and antibacterial activity of poly(aniline-co-o-phenylenediamine)/bentonite nanocomposites. Des Monomers Polym 17:458–465
Al-Hussaini AS (2016) Inexpensive fabrication and characterization of crystalline poly(o-anthranilic acid-co-o-phenylenediamine) emeraldine base/bentonite nanocomposites. Polym Plast Technol Eng 55(13):1386–1392
Roy BC, Gupta MD, Ray JK (1995) Studies on conducting polymers. 1. Aniline-initiated polymerization of nitroanilines. Macromolecules 28:1727–1732
Genies EM, Noel P (1990) Oxidation of 2,5-dimethylaniline in NH4F, 2.35 HF medium characteristics of the resulting conducting polymer. J Electroanal Chem 296:473–490
Trivedi DC, Nalwa HS (1997) Organic conductive molecules polymers, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, p 537
Shackelette LW, Wolf JF, Gould S, Baughman RH (1988) Structure and properties of polyaniline as modeled by single-crystal oligomers. J Chem Phys 88:3955–3961
Challier T, Slade RCT (1994) Nanocomposite materials: polyaniline-intercalated layered double hydroxides. J Mater Chem 4:367–372
Bogdanovic U, Vodnik VV, Ahrenkiel SP, Stoiljkovic M, Ciric-Marjanovic G, Nedeljkovic JM (2014) Interfacial synthesis and characterization of gold/polyaniline nanocomposites. Synth Met 195:122–131
Muslim A, Malik D, Abudu Rexit A (2012) Effects of monomer concentration on the structure and properties of polybenzidine micro rods. Polym Sci Ser B 54:518
Lu X, Zhang W, Wang C (2011) One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 36:671
Paluszkiewicz C, Holtzer M, Bobrowski A (2008) FTIR analysis of bentonite in moulding sands. J Mol Struct 880:109–114
Savitha P, Sathyanarayana DN (2004) Synthesis and characterization of soluble conducting poly(o-/m-toluidine-co-o-nitroaniline). Synth Met 145:113
Al-Hussaini AS (2017) In situ oxidative copolymerization and characterization of new poly(benzidine-co-o-phenylenediamine)/kaolinite microcomposites. Polym Sci Ser B Polym 59(3):372–378
Ray A, MacDiarmid AG, Ginder JM, Epstein AJ (1990) Optical studies of polyanilines: effect of alkyl ring substitution and solvent environment. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 173:353–357
Al-Hussaini AS (2014) Synthesis and characterization of new thermally stable polymers as new high-performance engineering plastics. High Perform Polym 26:166–174
Ray SS, Bousima M (2005) Biodegradable polymers and their layered silicate nanocomposites: in greening the 21st century materials world. Prog Mater Sci 50:962–1079
Becker O, Varley RJ, Simon GP (2004) Thermal stability and water uptake of high performance epoxy layered silicate nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 40:187–195
Zoromba MSh, Belal AAM, Al-Hussaini AS (2015) From copolymer precursor to metal oxides nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization of doped copper and cobalt copolymer via in situ and ex situ copolymerization. J Macromol Sci A 52(5):394–400
Al-Hussaini AS, Klapper M, Pakula T, Müllen K (2004) Poly(imino ketone)s as new high-performance polymers. Macromolecules 37(22):8269–8277
Zanetti M, Bracco P, Costa L (2004) Thermal degradation behavior of PE/clay nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 85:657–665
Haldorai Y, Nguyen VH, Pham QL, Shim J-J (2009) Fabrication and characterization of conducting copolymer nanorods. Theor Appl Chem Eng 15:1254–1257
Darvishi Z, Morsali A (2011) Synthesis and characterization of nano-bentonite by solvothermal method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 377:15–19
Liua YD, Fanga FF, Choia HJ, Seo Y (2011) Fabrication of semiconducting polyaniline/nano-silica nanocomposite particles and their enhanced electrorheological and dielectric characteristics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 381:17–22
Srivastava N, Singh Y, Singh RA (2011) Preparation of intercalated polyaniline/clay nanocomposite and its exfoliation exhibiting dendritic structure. Bull Mater Sci 34(4):635–638
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Hussaini, A.S. New crystalline poly(aniline-co-benzidine)/bentonite microcomposites: synthesis and characterization. Polym. Bull. 76, 323–337 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2386-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2386-y