Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Novel polymer from a cassava starch/carboxylated styrene-butadiene blend containing potassium persulfate: design and properties

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel polymer was made from a blend between cassava starch (CS) and carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex (CSBR) (CS/CSBR) blend in the presence of potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) using the aqueous solution-latex method. The effects of CS content, K2S2O8, reaction time, and temperature on the %gel content of the CS/CSBR blend were investigated. The highest gel content was found at 0.5/1 CS/CSBR blend and its value was 85% when using 1 g K2S2O8 at 70 °C for 2 h. The swelling ratio of the samples increased as function of CS portion in the CS/CSBR blend in water. The maximum swelling ratio of around 200% was found in the 1:0/1 CS/CSBR blend in water. The toluene resistance and hydrophilic behavior of the CSBR were improved by the addition of the CS. The blend exhibited excellent tensile strength properties relative to those of the corresponding CS/CSBR blend. According to scanning electron microscopy, tensile fractured surfaces of various CS/CSBR blend samples demonstrated better interfacial adhesion achieved by the modification. Finally, the biodegradation of the CS/CSBR blend in soil was also investigated. This sample was applied to use in decoration materials such as packaging and artificial flowers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu S, Cai P, Li X, Chen L, Li L, Li B (2016) Effect of film multi-scale structure on the water vapor permeability in hydroxypropyl starch (HPS)/Na-MMT nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 154:186–193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Phuong H, Vu N, Lumdubwong N (2016) Starch behaviors and mechanical properties of starch blend films with different plasticizers. Carbohydr Polym 154:112–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhu J, Li L, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang B (2016) Multi-scale structural changes of starch-based material during microwave and conventional heating. Int J Biol Macromol 92:270–277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhou M, Liu Q, Wu S, Gou Z, Wu X, Xu D (2016) Starch/chitosan films reinforced with polydopamine modified MMT: effects of dopamine concentration. Food Hydrocolloid 61:678–684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sessini V, Arrieta MP, Kenny JM, Peponi L (2016) Processing of edible films based on nanoreinforced gelatinized starch. Polym Degrad Stabil 132:157–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wei B, Sun B, Zhang B, Long J, Chen L, Tian Y (2016) Synthesis, characterization and hydrophobicity of silylated starch nanocrystal. Carbohydr Polym 136:1203–1208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Yang Y, Tang Z, Xiong Z, Zhu J (2015) Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic starches and their blends with poly(lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 77:273–279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Riyajan S, Sukhlaaied W, Keawmang W (2015) Preparation and properties of a hydrogel of maleated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAM) grafted with cassava starch. Carbohydr Polym 122:301–307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Gao Y, Dai Y, Zhang H, Diao E, Hou H, Dong H (2014) Effects of organic modification of montmorillonite on the performance of starch-based nanocomposite films. Appl Clay Sci 99:201–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fouladi E, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2014) Effects of acid-hydrolysis and hydroxypropylation on functional properties of sago starch. Int J Biol Macromol 68:251–257

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Riyajan S, Sasithornsontia Y, Phinyocheep P (2012) Green natural rubber-g-modified starch for controlling urea release. Carbohydr Polym 89:251–258

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Riyajan S (2006) A novel approach to blending cassava starch with a maleated epoxidized natural rubber latex. KGK-kauts Gummi Kunst 69:43–49

    Google Scholar 

  13. Misman MA, Azura AR, Hamid ZAA (2015) The physical and degradation properties of starch-graft-acrylonitrile/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber latex films. Carbohydr Polym 128:1–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wu YP, Ji MQ, Qi Q, Wang YQ (2004) Zhang LQ Preparation, structure, and properties of starch/rubber composites prepared by co-coagulating rubber latex and starch paste. Macromol Rapid Commun 25:565–570

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Qi Q, Wu Y, Tian M, Liang G, Zhang L, Jun Ma J (2006) Modification of starch for high performance elastomer. Polymer 47:3896–3903

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu Chi, Shao Yan (2008) Demin Jia Chemically modified starch reinforced natural rubber composites. Polymer 49:2176–2181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wu YP, Qi Q, Liang GH, Li-Qun Zhang LQ (2006) A strategy to prepare high performance starch/rubber composites: in situ modification during latex compounding process. Carbohydr Polym 65:109–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Li MC, Cho UR (2013) Effectiveness of coupling agents in the poly (methyl methacrylate)-modified starch/styrene-butadiene rubber interfaces. Mater Lett 92:132–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Li MC, Ge X, Cho UR (2013) Emulsion grafting vinyl monomers onto starch for reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber. Macro Res 21:519–528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Misman MA, Azura AR, Hamid ZAA (2016) The effect of acrylonitrile concentration on starch grafted acrylonitrile (ans) stability in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex. Proc Chem 19:770–775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Riyajan S (2015) Robust and biodegradable polymer of cassava starch and modified natural. Carbohydr Polym 134:267–277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Sarkar D, De M, Bhowmick PP (2002) Diimide reduction of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber in latex stage. Polymer 41:907–915

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Du ML, Guo BC, Lei YD, Liu MX, Jia DM (2008) Carboxylatedbutadienestyrene rubber/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites: interfacial interaction and performance. Polymer 49:4871–4876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Florjańczyk Z, Dȩbowski M, Wolak A, Malesa M, Płecha J (2007) Dispersions of organically modified boehmite particles and a carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex: a simple way to nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 105:80–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mohan TP, Kuriakose J, Kanny K (2011) Effect of nanoclay reinforcement on structure, thermal and mechanical properties of natural rubber–styrene-butadiene rubber (NR–SBR). J Ind Eng Chem 17:264–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Peterson SC, Jong L (2008) Effect of wheat flour pre-cooking on the composite modulus of wheat flour and carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex. Compos Part A Appl Sci 39:1909–1914

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Malas A, Das CK (2013) Compatibilized ethylene–propylene-diene terpolymer nanocomposites containing different type of organoclays. Polim Polym 58:204–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Peterson SC (2012) Evaluating corn starch and corn stoverbiochar as renewable filler in carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber composites. J Elastom Plast 44:43–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bergaoui M, Khalfaoui M, Villarroel-Rocha J, Barrera D, Al-Muhtaseb S, Enciso E, Sapag K, Lamine AB (2016) New insights on estimating pore size distribution of latex particles: statistical mechanics approach and modeling. Micropor Mesopor Mat 224:360–37122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li H, Kang H, Zhang W, Zhang S, Li J (2016) Physicochemical properties of modified soybean-flour adhesives enhanced by carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex. Int J Adhes Adhes 66:59–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. El-Sayed MM, Sorour MH, Abd El Moneem N, Shalaan H, El Marsafy S (2017) Grafting of acrylamide onto polysaccharides blend using photo-initiators. J Polym Environ 25:402–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Riyajan SA, Sukhlaaied W (2013) Effect of chitosan content on gel content of epoxized natural rubber grafted with chitosan in latex form. Mater Sci Eng C 33:1041–1047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sukhlaaied W, Riyajan S (2016) Preparation and properties of a novel environmentally friendly film from maleated poly(vinyl alcohol) grafted with chitosan in solution form: the effect of different production factors. Polym Bull 73:791–813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by National Research Council of Thailand, Thammasat University Research fund under the TU research scholar scheme and Center of Scientific Equipment for Advanced Research, Thammasat University. This study was financially supported by a Grant from The Thailand Research Fund/Prince of Songkla University/Thammasat University (RSA5780018) and Thammasat University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Sa-Ad Riyajan

Authors
  1. Sa-Ad Riyajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sa-Ad Riyajan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Riyajan, SA. Novel polymer from a cassava starch/carboxylated styrene-butadiene blend containing potassium persulfate: design and properties. Polym. Bull. 75, 4377–4395 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2273-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2273-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation