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Microbial Communities of the Gut and Nest of the Humus- and Litter-Feeding Termite Procornitermes araujoi (Syntermitinae)

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Abstract

The evolution of the symbiotic association with microbes allowed termites to decompose ingested lignocellulose from plant-derived substrates, including herbivore dung and soil humus. Representatives of the Syntermitinae (Termitidae) range in their feeding habits from wood and litter-feeding to humus-feeding species. However, only limited information is available about their feeding ecology and associated microbial communities. Here we conducted a study of the microbial communities associated to the termite Procornitermes araujoi using Illumina sequencing of the 16S and ITS rRNA genes. This species has been previously included in different feeding guilds. However, most aspects of its feeding ecology are unknown, especially those associated to its symbiotic microbiota. Our results showed that the microbial communities of termite guts and nest substrates of P. araujoi differed significantly for bacteria and fungi. Firmicutes dominated the bacterial gut community of both workers and soldiers, whereas Actinobacteria was found in higher prevalence in the nest walls. Sordariomycetes was the most abundant fungal class in both gut and nest samples and distinguish P. araujoi from the grass/litter feeding Cornitermes cumulans. Our results also showed that diversity of gut bacteria were higher in P. araujoi and Silvestritermes euamignathus than in the grass/litter feeders (C. cumulans and Syntermes dirus), that could indicate an adaptation of the microbial community of polyphagous termites to the higher complexity of their diets.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Johana Rincones, Mauricio Rocha and the reviewer for their comments on the manuscript. We thank the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory CTBE/CNPEM NGS Sequencing Facility for generating the sequencing data described here. This study was supported by funds from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant # 2015/21497-6, coordinated by Alberto Arab. L. M. was supported by a master degree grant of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance code 001.

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  1. Edimar A. Moreira, Thabata M. Alvarez, Gabriela F. Persinoti, Douglas Antonio Alvaredo Paixão, Letícia R. Menezes—equal contributions as first author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil

    Edimar A. Moreira, Tiago Carrijo & Alberto Arab

  2. Mestrado em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, PR, Brazil

    Thabata M. Alvarez

  3. Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, CNPEM, Campinas, 13083-970, SP, Brazil

    Thabata M. Alvarez, Gabriela F. Persinoti & Douglas Antonio Alvaredo Paixão

  4. Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

    Letícia R. Menezes & Ana M. Costa-Leonardo

  5. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    João P. Franco Cairo

  6. Programa em Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil

    Fabio Marcio Squina

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Moreira, E.A., Alvarez, T.M., Persinoti, G.F. et al. Microbial Communities of the Gut and Nest of the Humus- and Litter-Feeding Termite Procornitermes araujoi (Syntermitinae). Curr Microbiol 75, 1609–1618 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-018-1567-0

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