Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Visualization of the olfactory nerve using constructive interference in steady state magnetic resonance imaging

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The olfactory nerve (OlfN) is a small neural structure with inconsistent visualization on neuroimages. The aim of this study was to delineate the intracranial course of the OlfN using constructive interference in steady state magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Methods

A total of 168 patients were enrolled in this study. Following initial examinations with conventional MR sequences, constructive interference in steady-state sequence (CISS) was performed in coronal and axial sections.

Results

On coronal sections, the OlfN was entirely visualized in 90 % of patients on the right and 92 % on the left, coursing along the olfactory sulcus. Complete visualization of the OlfN occurred in 100 % of patients on serial axial images. The OlfN was classified into four portions based on the topographical differences and surrounding structures. The olfactory fossa exhibited considerable variability at the midlevel of the olfactory bulb on coronal images. Characteristic appearance of the OlfN with respect to age range or gender was not observed.

Conclusions

The OlfN follows a highly consistent course along the olfactory sulcus. Thin-sliced, CISS sequences are useful for consistent visualization of the OlfN.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abolmaali N, Gudziol V, Hummel T (2008) Pathology of the olfactory nerve. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 18:233–242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Buschhüter D, Smitka M, Puschmann S, Gerber JC, Witt M, Abolmaali ND, Hummel T (2008) Correlation between olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function. Neuroimage 42:498–502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cardali S, Romano A, Angileri FF, Conti A, La Torre D, de Divitiis O, d’Avella D, Tschabitscher M, Tomasello (2005) Microsurgical anatomic features of the olfactory nerve: relevance to olfaction preservation in the pterional approach. Neurosurgery 57(1 Suppl):17–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Castillo M (2002) Imaging of the upper cranial nerves, I, III-VIII, and the cavernous sinus. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 10:415–431

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Coello AF, Canals AG, Gonzalez JM, Martin JJ (2010) Cranial nerve injury after minor head trauma. J Neurosurg 113:547–555

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cömert A, Uğur HC, Kahiloğullar G, Elhan A, Tekdemir I (2011) Microsurgical anatomy for intraoperative preservation of the olfactory bulb and tract. J Craniofac Surg 22:1080–1082

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Duprez TP, Rombaux P (2010) Imaging the olfactory tract (cranial nerve #1). Eur J Radiol 74:288–298

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Favre JJ, Chaffanjon JG, Chirossel JP (1995) Blood supply of the olfactory nerve. Meningeal relationships and surgical relevance. Sur Radiol Anat 17:133–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Held P, Seitz J, Fründ R, Nitz WR, Haffke T, Hees H, Bonkowsky V (2000) MRI detection of olfactory bulb and tract. J Neuroradiol 27:112–118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pellicanò G, Capaccioli L, Petacchi D, Dal Pozzo G, Villari N, Gheri G, Bryk SG (1994) Magnetic resonance in the study of cranial nerves. Ital J Anat Embryol 99:229–241

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shiga H, Taki J, Washiyama K, Yamamoto J, Kinase S, Okuda K, Kinuya S, Watanabe N, Tonami H, Koshida K, Amano R, Fukukawa M, Miwa T (2013) Assessment of olfactory nerve by SPECT-MRI image with nasal thallium-201 administration in patients with olfactory impairments in comparison to healthy volunteers. PLoS One 8:e57671

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Suzuki M, Takashima T, Kadoya M, Takahashi S, Miyayama S, Taira S (1989) MR imaging of olfactory bulbs and tracts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10:955–957

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Tsuchiya K, Yamakami N, Hachiya J, Kassai Y (1998) MR cisternography using a three-dimensional half-fourier single-shot fast spin-echo sequence. Eur Radiol 8:424–426

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang SS, Zheng HP, Zhang X, Zhang FH, Jing JJ, Wang RM (2008) Microanatomy and surgical relevance of the olfactory cistern. Microsurgery 28:65–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Xu F, Kida I, Hyder F, Shulman RG (2000) Assessment and discrimination of odor stimuli in rat olfactory bulb by dynamic functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:10601–10606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Yousem DM, Maldjian JA, Siddigi F, Hummel T, Aisop DC, Geckle RJ, Bilker WB, Doty RL (1999) Gender effects on odor-stimulated functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Res 818:480–487

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang Z, Meng Q, Chen Y, Li Z, Luo B, Yang Z, Mao L, Lin E (2008) 3-T imaging of the cranial nerves using three-dimensional reversed FISP with diffusion-weighted MR sequence. J Magn Reson Imaging 27:454–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was not supported by grant funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan

    Satoshi Tsutsumi & Yukimasa Yasumoto

  2. Division of Radiological Technology, Medical Satellite Yaesu Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

    Hideo Ono

Authors
  1. Satoshi Tsutsumi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hideo Ono
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yukimasa Yasumoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satoshi Tsutsumi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings presented in this paper.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tsutsumi, S., Ono, H. & Yasumoto, Y. Visualization of the olfactory nerve using constructive interference in steady state magnetic resonance imaging. Surg Radiol Anat 39, 315–321 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-016-1731-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-016-1731-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation