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Inversion of the acetabular labrum causes increased localized contact pressure on the femoral head: a biomechanical study

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Abstract

Purpose

Although studies suggest that subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head may cause rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip, the mechanism of that relationship remains unclear. Our biomechanical study aimed to provide more data in this area by quantifying pressure distribution on the femoral head for normal and inverted hips and by determining the effects of labral inversion on pressure distribution across the joint, focusing on types of fracture under load.

Methods

We tested mid-sized fourth-generation composite femurs at 15° of adduction, and applied 1 mm/min of axial compressive force to the femoral heads until failure. Additionally, single loads (3000 N) were applied using Prescale film to investigate pressure distribution on the femoral head, with or without silicone rubber representing entrapment of an inverted acetabular labrum.

Results

In tests with an external load of 3000 N, the mean pressure for 10 × 5 mm of silicone rubber was 11.09 MPa, significantly greater (about 5.7-fold) than 1.94 MPa without silicone rubber. Different fracture patterns were observed with and without the 10 × 5 mm silicone rubber; when the 10 × 5 mm silicone rubber specimens were used, all eight cases showed fractures in the anterior femoral head.

Conclusions

When silicone rubber representing an inverted acetabular labrum was placed between a hemispherical metallic platen and a composite bone model, the silicone rubber areas were subjected to extreme concentration of stress. The fractures that developed at the silicone rubber areas clearly represented subchondral fractures of the femoral head, rather than fractures of the femoral neck.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Lee Seaman of Seaman Medical, Inc. (Bellingham, WA, USA) for providing the professional English-language editing of this article.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430007, China

    Xipeng Wang

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan

    Kiyokazu Fukui, Ayumi Kaneuji & Norio Kawahara

  3. Department of Machinery and Metal, Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa, 2-1, Kuratsuki, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8203, Japan

    Kenichi Hirosaki & Hiroyasu Miyakawa

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  1. Xipeng Wang
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Correspondence to Kiyokazu Fukui.

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Wang, X., Fukui, K., Kaneuji, A. et al. Inversion of the acetabular labrum causes increased localized contact pressure on the femoral head: a biomechanical study. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 43, 1329–1336 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-4266-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-4266-3

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