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Bone marrow concentrate and expanded mesenchymal stromal cell surnatants as cell-free approaches for the treatment of osteochondral defects in a preclinical animal model

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the regenerative potential of surnatants (SNs) from bone marrow concentrate (SN-BMC) and expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (SN-MSCs) loaded onto a collagen scaffold (SC) in comparison with cell-based treatments (BMC and MSCs) in an osteochondral (OC) defect model in rabbits.

Methods

OC defects (3 × 5 mm) were created in the rabbit femoral condyles and treated with SC alone or combined with SN-BMC, SN-MSCs, BMC, and MSCs. In control groups, the defects were left untreated. At three and six months, the quality of regenerated tissue was evaluated with macroscopic, histologic, microtomographic, and immunohistochemical assessments. The production of several immunoenzymatic markers was measured in the synovial fluid.

Results

All proposed treatments improved OC regeneration in comparison with untreated and SC-treated defects. Both BMC and MSCs showed a similar healing potential than their respective SNs, with the best performance exerted by BMC as demonstrated with macroscopic and histological scores and type I and II collagen results.

Conclusions

SNs loaded onto SC exerted a positive effect on OC defect regeneration, underlying the biological significance of the trophic factors, thus potentially opening new opportunities for the use of cell-free-based therapies. BMC was confirmed to be the most beneficial treatment.

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Funding

This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Health-Ricerca Corrente to the IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute and by a grant from Regione Emilia Romagna: Programma di Ricerca Regione-Università 2010–2012—Strategic Program “Regenerative Medicine of Cartilage and Bone” (PRUa1RI-2012-007).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli-RIT, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, Italy

    Francesca Veronesi, Milena Fini, Annapaola Parrilli, Roberta Lolli, Melania Maglio, Lucia Martini, Gianluca Giavaresi & Maria Sartori

  2. Laboratory RAMSES, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy

    Giovanna Desando, Isabella Bartolotti & Brunella Grigolo

Authors
  1. Francesca Veronesi
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  2. Giovanna Desando
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  3. Milena Fini
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  4. Annapaola Parrilli
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  5. Roberta Lolli
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  6. Melania Maglio
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  7. Lucia Martini
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  8. Gianluca Giavaresi
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  9. Isabella Bartolotti
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  10. Brunella Grigolo
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  11. Maria Sartori
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Melania Maglio.

Ethics declarations

The experimental protocol and surgical procedures were approved by a local Ethical Committee and authorized by the Italian Ministry of Health (Title of the project: One-step surgery with stem cells for the treatment of osteochondral lesions—No. 0017661, approved on May 29, 2013).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Francesca Veronesi and Giovanna Desando equally contributed to this work.

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Veronesi, F., Desando, G., Fini, M. et al. Bone marrow concentrate and expanded mesenchymal stromal cell surnatants as cell-free approaches for the treatment of osteochondral defects in a preclinical animal model. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 43, 25–34 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-4202-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-4202-6

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